Chemistry - How does pH of soda drink vary with time

Solution 1:

I will make few simplifications:

• I will neglect presence of other acids like citric or phosphoric acid, considering just water and carbon dioxide.

• I will use the simplified exquation of $\mathrm{pH}$ of a weak acid ( :

$$\mathrm{pH}=\frac 12 (\mathrm{p}K_\mathrm{a} - \log {[\ce{CO2}]}) \tag{1}$$

• I will consider $\ce{CO2}$ escaping as the exponential process of the 1st order kinetics.

$$[\ce{CO2}]=A + B \cdot \exp{(-Ct)} \tag{1a}$$

• I will neglect the final equilibrium $\ce{CO2}$ concentration, compared to initial one:

$$[\ce{CO2}]=B \cdot \exp{(-Ct)} \tag{1b}$$

We can realize that the exponential function for $\ce{CO2}$ escaping kind of nullifies the logarithm function of $\mathrm{pH}$ definition:

$$\mathrm{pH}=\frac 12 \left(\mathrm{p}K_\mathrm{a} - \log {\left(B \cdot \exp{(-Ct)}\right)}\right) \tag{2}$$

$$\mathrm{pH} \simeq \frac 12 \left(\mathrm{p}K_\mathrm{a} - \log {B} + \frac1{2.303}Ct\right) \tag{3}$$

Therefore, $\mathrm{pH}=f(t)$ is approximately linear.

It is not linear if we consider all factors, especially if other acids are present.

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Additional requested clarification:

The equation (1) is quite notoriously known simplified equation for $\mathrm{pH}$ of weak acid. It can be directly derived from definition of a dissociation constant of an acid:

$$K_\mathrm{a}=\frac{\ce{[H+][A-]}}{\ce{[HA]}} \tag{4}$$

involving 2 simplifications:

• solution is acidic enough to ignore water auto-dissociation:

$$K_\mathrm{a} \simeq \frac{\ce{[H+]}^2}{\ce{[HA]}} \tag{5}$$

• solution contains enough of a weak acid, so it's majority is not dissociated:

$$K_\mathrm{a} \simeq \frac{\ce{[H+]}^2}{c} \tag{6}$$

where

$$c=\ce{[HA]}+\ce{[A-]} \tag{7}$$

Then

$$\ce{[H+]}=\sqrt{ K_\mathrm{a} \cdot c} \tag{8}$$

After logaritmization of (8), we get (1).

Solution 2:

Pure water has a pH that goes form 7.00 at 25°C, to 6.92 at 30°C and to 6.13 at 100°C. As you obtain an effect which is contrary to this one, it means that your solution is loosing dissolved $\ce{CO2}$, so that the solution becomes more and more alcaline (or basic). After some time, you may obtain a precipitate of $\ce{CaCO3}$, depending on the composition of your soda.