Chemistry - What is the IUPAC nomenclature for the cyclic mono-alkene ions formed after proton or hydride abstraction?
Solution 1:
Anions
In general nomenclature, anions may be named by using functional class nomenclature; however, the resulting names are not the preferred IUPAC names. The corresponding subsection of the current version of Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry – IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book) reads as follows:
P-72.2.1 Functional class nomenclature
Functional class nomenclature can be used, in general nomenclature, to describe anionic compounds. An anion that can be considered as derived formally by adding an electron to a radical may also be named by adding the class name ‘anion’ as a separate word to the name of the substituent group. The names are formed by using the names of corresponding radicals (not necessarily the name of substituent groups) and the class name ‘anion’ as a separate word. The multiplying prefixes ‘di’, ‘tri’, etc., are added to the class name to denote multiple anions. This type of nomenclature is limited to anions having anionic centers in the same structure. Systematic names (see P-72.2.2) are preferred IUPAC names.
The functional class names for the anions that are given in the question are:
- cycloprop-2-en-1-yl anion
- cyclobut-2-en-1-yl anion
- cyclopent-2-en-1-yl anion
- cyclohex-2-en-1-yl anion
The preferred systematic names for anions that can be derived by deprotonation are formed according to P-72.2.2.1:
P-72.2.2.1 Anions derived from parent hydrides and their derivatives
An anion derived formally by the removal of one or more hydrons from any position of a neutral parent hydride is preferably named by using the suffix ‘-ide’, with elision of the final letter ‘e’ of the parent hydride, if any. Numerical prefixes ‘di’, ‘tri’, etc. are used to denote multiplicity; locants identify positions of the negative charges.
Therefore, the preferred IUPAC names for the anions that are given in the question are:
- cycloprop-2-en-1-ide
- cyclobut-2-en-1-ide
- cyclopent-2-en-1-ide
- cyclohex-2-en-1-ide
Cations
In general nomenclature, also cations may be named by using functional class nomenclature; but again, the resulting names are not the preferred IUPAC names.
P-73.2.1 Functional class names
Cationic compounds that can be considered as being derived formally by removal of electrons from the corresponding radical may be named by adding the class name ‘cation’ as a separate word after the name of the radical. Polycations are indicated by adding the multiplying prefixes ‘di’, ‘tri’, etc., as appropriate, to the class name. Systematic names formed by using the suffix ‘ylium’ are preferred IUPAC names (see P-73.2.2). When the charge is not localized, the structure is enclosed in square brackets.
The functional class names for the cations that are given in the question are:
- cycloprop-2-en-1-yl cation
- cyclobut-2-en-1-yl cation
- cyclopent-2-en-1-yl cation
- cyclohex-2-en-1-yl cation
The preferred systematic names for cations that can be derived by removal of a hydride ion are formed according to P-73.2.2.1.2:
P-73.2.2.1.2 General method
According to the general method, cations formally derived by the removal of one hydride ion, $\ce{H-}$, from any position of a parent hydride are named by adding the suffix ‘-ylium’ to the name of the parent hydride, with elision of the final 'e' in the name of the parent hydride, if present. Di- and polycations formally derived by the removal of two or more hydride ions from the parent hydride are named by using the suffix ‘ylium’ and the multiplying prefixes ‘bis’, ‘tris’, etc. (…)
Therefore, the preferred IUPAC names for the cations that are given in the question are:
- cycloprop-2-en-1-ylium
- cyclobut-2-en-1-ylium
- cyclopent-2-en-1-ylium
- cyclohex-2-en-1-ylium
Solution 2:
Regarding the anions in the first row of examples, I think rule RC 83.1 (Anionic compounds with anionic centers derived formally by removal of hydrons) apply. Either one uses the "radicofunctional names" (subsection RC 83.1.1):
Anionic compounds that can be considered as being derived formally by addition of electrons to the corresponding radical (see RC-81) may be named by adding the class name "anion" as a separate word after the name of the radical.
which leads to cyclopropenyl anion, cyclobutenyl anion, etc. as in your question. Following RC-83.1.2. "Anionic centers in parent hydrides", and in particular RC-83.1.2.1. "The operational suffix "-ide"." alternatively states
An anionic center derived formally by the removal of one or more hydrons from any position of a neutral parent hydride is named by replacing the final "e" of the name of the parent hydride, if present, by the operational suffix "-ide", or by adding the suffixes "-ide", "-diide", etc., to the name of the parent hydride.
which would lead to a names analogue to cyclopropenide, cyclobutenide, etc.
For the cations presented in the second row, rule RC 82.2 (Cationic compounds with cationic centers derived formally by the loss of hydride ions) is applicable. Again, either the name is radicofunctional (subsectio RB 82.2.1) where
Cationic compounds that can be considered as being derived formally by the removal of electrons from the corresponding radical may be named by adding the class name "cation" as a separate word after the name of the radical (see RC-81). Polycations are indicated by adding the numerical prefixes "di-", "tri-", etc., as appropriate, to the class term.
leads to the used naming of cyclopropenyl cation, cyclobutentyl cation, etc.. Or, RC-82.2.2.2. (Cationic centers in parent hydrides other than those described by RC-82.2.2.1.) which accomodates unsaturated compounds stating that
A cationic center derived formally by the removal of one or more hydride ions from any position of a neutral parent hydride or hydro derivative, except as provided by RC-82.2.2.1, is named by replacing the final "e" of the parent hydride name, if present, by the operational suffix "-ylium", or by adding operational suffixes such as "-bis(ylium)", "-tris(ylium)", etc., to the name of the parent hydride.
which would lead to cyclopropenylium, cyclobutenylium, etc.