Running notify-send as root

The notification service has been changed for ubuntu 14.04.

Its called now smth like org.freedesktop.Notifications.service

You can check here for more information about Notification On Screen Display possibilities.

Also you can use following command line to send your own messages

user@machine ~$ notify-send “Text of message”

Just update your script which is being launched by udev to use it.

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To workaround the problem realted to running the notify-send command as root.

Try to run is as your normal user, i.e.

su <YOURUSER> -c 'notify-send “Text of message”'

I tried Fabio A's solution. However, I noticed that it was not working consistently on my Arch Linux installation. Problem was that who did not display the port number for the tty1 session:

$ who
john       tty1         2021-03-21 09:02

I am running i3 via exec startx on my Arch installation. On the other hand, I noticed that the output of who on a Ubuntu desktop installation looked completely different. Here, the display number is shown:

$ who
john       :0           2021-03-21 09:49 (:0)

So I was looking for another solution to get rid of the who command. I found that ps aux contains this useful entry which contains both the display number as well as the username:

$ ps aux | grep xinit
john 785 763 0 19:14 tty1 S+ 0:00 xinit /home/john/.xinitrc -- /etc/X11/xinit/xserverrc :0 vt1 -keeptty -auth /tmp/serverauth.gGcqw2rJXG

This is the new script I wrote:

#/bin/bash

xinit_pid=$(pgrep xinit)

if [ -n "xinit_pid" ]; then
    xinit_ps=$(ps --no-headers -f $xinit_pid | head -n 1)
    display=$(echo "$xinit_ps" | grep -Po " :[0-9]+ " | tr -d " ")
    user=$(echo "$xinit_ps" | cut -d " " -f 1)
    uid=$(id -u $user)
    echo "Display environment: $display $user $uid"
    sudo -u $user DISPLAY=$display DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:path=/run/user/$uid/bus notify-send "$@"
else
    echo "Warning: Could not find xinit process!"
fi

Any other script can call this script via:

bash /opt/notify-send-helper Title Message -t 5000

On a side note: I am using dunstify instead of notify-send. dunstify has the advantage of being able to assign IDs to a notification: Only the newest notification for the same ID is shown.

EDIT: I used to query the process "Xorg". However, strangely enough I noticed on one machine that this process was run as root. I switched to the "xinit" process instead which works just the same but seems to be always run by the normal user.

To send desktop notification from a background script running as root
(replace X_user and X_userid with the user and userid running X respectively):

sudo -u X_user DISPLAY=:0 DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:path=/run/user/X_userid/bus notify-send 'Hello world!' 'This is an example notification.'

This was taken from: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Desktop_notifications

Combining tomy's answer with hongo's answer to another question elegantly solves the issue for me.

function notify-send() {
    #Detect the name of the display in use
    local display=":$(ls /tmp/.X11-unix/* | sed 's#/tmp/.X11-unix/X##' | head -n 1)"

    #Detect the user using such display
    local user=$(who | grep '('$display')' | awk '{print $1}' | head -n 1)

    #Detect the id of the user
    local uid=$(id -u $user)

    sudo -u $user DISPLAY=$display DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:path=/run/user/$uid/bus notify-send "$@"
}

That function can be used as-is in any script running as root, as a drop-in replacement for the notify-send command.