How to use multiple configurations with logback in a single project?

I have used another option based on Leonidas blog. There are two files:

• the optional property file (environment.properties) that contains the environment property
• and custom configurations (e.g. logback-env-test.xml). All these files have to be on the classpath.

If the property file exists and defines logEnv property e.g.

logEnv = dev66

the logback tries to find and include the custom configuration from logback-env-dev66.xml

<included>
    <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    <root level="DEBUG">
        <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
    </root>
</included>

Overwise it will be falback to default (<else> section) configuration. Please, note the <included> tag are using instead of <configuration> in custom configuration files.

the logback.xml to manage all the above things:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration scan="true" scanPeriod="5 seconds" debug="true">
    <!-- To skip error if property file doesn't exist -->
    <define name="propExists" class="ch.qos.logback.core.property.ResourceExistsPropertyDefiner">
        <resource>environment.properties</resource>
    </define>
    <if condition='${propExists}'>
        <then>
            <property resource="environment.properties" />
        </then>
    </if>
    <!-- If specific configuration exists, load it otherwise fallback to default (<else> section)  -->
    <define name="confExists" class="ch.qos.logback.core.property.ResourceExistsPropertyDefiner">
        <resource>logback-env-${logEnv}.xml</resource>
    </define>
    <if condition='${confExists}'>
        <then>
            <include resource="logback-env-${logEnv}.xml"/>
        </then>
        <else>
            <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
                <encoder>
                    <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
                </encoder>
            </appender>
            <root level="INFO">
                <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
            </root>
        </else>
    </if>
</configuration>

It will allow you to have separate configuration for all environments, define own custom configuration (e.g. local development) without influence on others.

In a Spring Boot application, you can reference Spring Profiles inside logback configuration file.

See this article.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
 <springProfile name="dev">
    <appender name="CONSOLE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
      <encoder>
        <pattern>
          %d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} | %5p | %logger{25} | %m%n
        </pattern>
        <charset>utf8</charset>
      </encoder>
    </appender>
    <root level="DEBUG">
      <appender-ref ref="CONSOLE"/>
    </root>
  </springProfile>
  ...

OPTION 1: specify the location of the logback configuration file with the logback.configurationFile system property. This does in fact allow you to have multiple configuration files per project. As per the logback documentation, the value of the this property can be a URL, a resource on the class path or a path to a file external to the application. For example:
-Dlogback.configurationFile=/path/to/config.xml

OPTION 2: use variable substitution to set the name of the log file with a system property. For example:

1. Your appender can set the file as follows:
   <file>/var/tmp/${mycompany.myapplication}.log</file>
2. And then you can specify the value of that variable when launching java:
   -Dmycompany.myapplication=SomeUtility

OPTION 3: set the logger level with a system property. This will allow you to log more/less. For example:

1. Put this into your logback config file:
   <logger name="com.mycompany" level="${mycompany.logging.level:-DEBUG}"/>
   This causes the specified package to log at DEBUG level by default.
2. If you want to change the logging level to INFO in a specific application, then pass the following to java when launching that application:
   -Dmycompany.logging.level=INFO

OPTION 4: add/remove an appender by passing a system property command-line parameter to java. This will allow you to log to different places. Note that conditional processing requires janino. For example:

1. Put this into your logback config file wherever you would put an <appender-ref>, changing the ref value to one of your own <appender>s, of course:
   <if condition="property("mycompany.logging.console").equalsIgnoreCase("true")"> <then><appender-ref ref="STDOUT"/></then></if>
2. If you want to enable this appender, then pass the following to java when launching that application:
   -Dmycompany.logging.console=true

Regarding system properties, you pass them to java as -D arguments, e.g.
java -Dmy.property=/path/to/config.xml com.mycompany.MyMain