How can I dynamically generate test cases in javascript/node?

Yes you can dynamically created test suites with cases using Mocha. I have installed mocha globally npm install -g mocha and I use should.

var should = require('should');

var foo = 'bar';

['nl', 'fr', 'de'].forEach(function(arrElement) {
  describe(arrElement + ' suite', function() {
    it('This thing should behave like this', function(done) {
      foo.should.be.a.String();
      done();
    });
    it('That thing should behave like that', function(done) {
      foo.should.have.length(3);
      done();
    });
  });
});

If you want to dynamically create It() tests using data obtained asynchronously, you can (ab)use the before() hook with a placeholder It() test to ensure mocha waits until before() is run. Here's the example from my answer to a related question, for convenience:

before(function () {
    console.log('Let the abuse begin...');
    return promiseFn().
        then(function (testSuite) {
            describe('here are some dynamic It() tests', function () {
                testSuite.specs.forEach(function (spec) {
                    it(spec.description, function () {
                        var actualResult = runMyTest(spec);
                        assert.equal(actualResult, spec.expectedResult);
                    });
                });
            });
        });
});

it('This is a required placeholder to allow before() to work', function () {
    console.log('Mocha should not require this hack IMHO');
});