Get the parameters in an expression using NCalc

This works for me. Your mileage may vary.

   public List<string> GetParameters(string expression) {
       List<string> parameters = new List<string>();
       Random random = new Random();
       NCalc.Expression e = new NCalc.Expression(expression);

       e.EvaluateFunction += delegate(string name, NCalc.FunctionArgs args) {
           args.EvaluateParameters();
           args.Result = random.Next(0, 100);
       };
       e.EvaluateParameter += delegate(string name, NCalc.ParameterArgs args) {
           parameters.Add(name);
           args.Result = random.Next(0, 100);
       };
       try {
           e.Evaluate();
           }
       catch {
            }
       return parameters;
    }

ref: https://ncalc.codeplex.com/discussions/79258#editor

From the discussion/answer here: http://ncalc.codeplex.com/discussions/360990

A implementation that I've tested and works (for your provided sample expression) is to implement a LogicalExpressionVisitor and have it record the parameters as they are found:

class ParameterExtractionVisitor : LogicalExpressionVisitor
{
    public HashSet<string> Parameters = new HashSet<string>();

    public override void Visit(NCalc.Domain.Identifier function)
    {
        //Parameter - add to list
        Parameters.Add(function.Name);
    }

    public override void Visit(NCalc.Domain.UnaryExpression expression)
    {
        expression.Expression.Accept(this);
    }

    public override void Visit(NCalc.Domain.BinaryExpression expression)
    {
        //Visit left and right
        expression.LeftExpression.Accept(this);
        expression.RightExpression.Accept(this);
    }

    public override void Visit(NCalc.Domain.TernaryExpression expression)
    {
        //Visit left, right and middle
        expression.LeftExpression.Accept(this);
        expression.RightExpression.Accept(this);
        expression.MiddleExpression.Accept(this);
    }

    public override void Visit(Function function)
    {
        foreach (var expression in function.Expressions)
        {
            expression.Accept(this);
        }
    }

    public override void Visit(LogicalExpression expression)
    {

    }

    public override void Visit(ValueExpression expression)
    {

    }
}

Then you would use it as:

var expression = NCalc.Expression.Compile("2 * [x] ^ 2 + 5 * [y]", false);

ParameterExtractionVisitor visitor = new ParameterExtractionVisitor();
expression.Accept(visitor);

var extractedParameters = visitor.Parameters;

foreach (var param in extractedParameters)
    Console.WriteLine(param);

This outputs "x" and "y" for me.

Note the use of HashSet in the ParameterExtractionVisitor. This is because if your expression contains the same variable more than once (for example: "[x] + [x]") it will be added twice. If you want to store an entry each time the same variable is used, replace the HashSet with a List.

---

That all said, I have very little experience with NCalc, so my implementation of the overridden methods of LogicalExpressionVisitor are guesses. When I overrode the void Visit(ValueExpression expression) method with expression.Accept(this), it resulted in a StackOverflowException. So I simply left the implementation blank and it seemed to work. So I would suggest that you take my answer here with a very large grain of salt. Your mileage may vary and I can't say if this works for all types of expressions.