Bailey–Borwein–Plouffe Iterations

05AB1E, 63 52 50 bytes

Specialization formula

΃0NU62201122vy͹̰*8X*N>+÷+}16Xm÷+DX>£X__iÀ'.ìÁ},

Try it online!

BBP formula

ƒ4¹>°UX*8N*©>÷YX*®4+÷-1X*®5+÷-1X*®6+÷-1X*16Nm÷*ODN>£N__iÀ'.ìÁ},

Try it online!

Python 2, 109 108 bytes

def f(n):k=1;s=0;t=100**n;exec-~n*'s+=4*t/k-2*t/(k+3)-t/(k+4)-t/(k+5)>>k/2;print"3."[:k]+`s`[1:k/8+1];k+=8;'

Test it on Ideone.

Python 2, 174 Bytes

Man, this is a time when I wish that Python had some easier way of keeping infinite precision for decimals.. Possibly implementing your own infite accuracy type for this challenge is shorter but I can't imagine how. The formula is written verbatim.

from decimal import*
n=input();d=Decimal;getcontext().prec=n+2;p=d(0)
for i in range(n+1):f=8.*i;p+=d(16**(-i))*(4/d(f+1)-2/d(f+4)-1/d(f+5)-1/d(f+6));print str(p)[:-~i+(i>0)]

Example output for n=100 (with some added line numbers):

3
3.1
3.14
3.141
3.1415
3.14159
3.141592
3.1415926
3.14159265
3.141592653
3.1415926535
3.14159265358
3.141592653589
3.1415926535897
3.14159265358979
3.141592653589793
3.1415926535897932
3.14159265358979323
3.141592653589793238
3.1415926535897932384
3.14159265358979323846
3.141592653589793238462
3.1415926535897932384626
3.14159265358979323846264
3.141592653589793238462643
3.1415926535897932384626433
3.14159265358979323846264338
3.141592653589793238462643383
3.1415926535897932384626433832
3.14159265358979323846264338327
3.141592653589793238462643383279
3.1415926535897932384626433832795
3.14159265358979323846264338327950
3.141592653589793238462643383279502
3.1415926535897932384626433832795028
3.14159265358979323846264338327950288
3.141592653589793238462643383279502884
3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841
3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419
3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197
3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971
3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716
3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169
3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693
3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939
3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399
3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993
3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937
3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375
3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751
3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510
3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105
3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058
3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582
3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820
3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209
3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097
3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974
3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749
3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494
3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944
3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445
3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494459
3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592
3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445923
3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494459230
3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307
3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445923078
3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494459230781
3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307816
3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445923078164
3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494459230781640
3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307816406
3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445923078164062
3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494459230781640628
3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307816406286
3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445923078164062862
3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494459230781640628620
3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307816406286208
3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445923078164062862089
3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494459230781640628620899
3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307816406286208998
3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445923078164062862089986
3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494459230781640628620899862
3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307816406286208998628
3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445923078164062862089986280
3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494459230781640628620899862803
3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307816406286208998628034
3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445923078164062862089986280348
3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494459230781640628620899862803482
3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307816406286208998628034825
3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445923078164062862089986280348253
3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494459230781640628620899862803482534
3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307816406286208998628034825342
3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445923078164062862089986280348253421
3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494459230781640628620899862803482534211
3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307816406286208998628034825342117
3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445923078164062862089986280348253421170
3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494459230781640628620899862803482534211706
3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307816406286208998628034825342117067
3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445923078164062862089986280348253421170679

This does seem to work for larger numbers, n=1000 runs in a couple seconds and n=10000 doesn't seem to have given me any errors yet!