Android support EditTextPreference input type

If you don't want to use a third party library, it is possible to specify a layout to the EditTextPreference

<EditTextPreference android:defaultValue="0"
                        android:key="some_key"
                        android:title="Title"
                        android:dialogLayout="@layout/preference_edit_text"/>

Then in res/layout/preference_edit_text.xml

<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content">

    <EditText android:id="@android:id/edit"
          android:layout_width="match_parent"
          android:layout_height="wrap_content"
          android:inputType="number"
          android:singleLine="true" 
          app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
          app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
          app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
          app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
          android:layout_marginStart="21dp" 
          android:layout_marginEnd="21dp"/>

</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

Please note that the edit text id must be : @android:id/edit but then you are free to use whatever you want inside the android:inputType field

I'm sure there's a better way to align the EditText rather than using 21dp margins but at least it works

Now one can use Android-Support-Preference-V7-Fix library.
Fixed EditTextPreference forwards the XML attributes (like inputType) to the EditText, just like the original preference did.

Here is my version of the answer from Cory Charlton, transfered to Jetpack preferences and written in Kotlin:

 import android.content.Context
 import android.content.SharedPreferences
 import android.text.InputType
 import android.util.AttributeSet
 import androidx.preference.EditTextPreference
 
 
 class EditIntegerPreference : EditTextPreference {
     constructor(context: Context?) : super(context) {
         setInputMethod()
     }
 
     constructor(context: Context?, attributeSet: AttributeSet?) : super(context, attributeSet) {
         setInputMethod()
     }
 
     constructor(context: Context?, attributeSet: AttributeSet?, defStyle: Int) : super(
         context,
         attributeSet,
         defStyle
     ) {
         setInputMethod()
     }
 
     override fun getText(): String =
         try {
             java.lang.String.valueOf(sharedPreferences.getInt(key, 0))
         } catch (e: Exception) {
             "0"
         }
 
     override fun setText(text: String?) {
         try {
             if (text != null) {
                 sharedPreferences?.edit()?.putInt(key, text.toInt())?.apply()
                 summary = text
             } else {
                 sharedPreferences?.remove(key)
                 summary = ""
             }
         } catch (e: Exception) {
             sharedPreferences?.remove(key)
             summary = ""
         }
     }
 
     override fun onSetInitialValue(defaultValue: Any?) {
         val defaultValueInt: Int =
                 when (defaultValue){
                     is Int -> defaultValue
                     is String -> try {defaultValue.toInt()} catch (ex: java.lang.Exception){0}
                     else -> 0
                 }
 
         text = sharedPreferences.getInt(key, defaultValueInt).toString()
     }
 
     private fun setInputMethod() {
         setOnBindEditTextListener {
             it.inputType = InputType.TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER
         }
     }
 
     fun SharedPreferences.remove(key: String) = edit().remove(key).apply()
 }