What is this #ifdef __GNUC__ about?

Different compilers support different features, sometimes in different ways. You're finding a series of #ifdef blocks to enable support according to whatever compiler is building the code; for example the GNU compiler would automatically define __GNUC__. __CC_ARM, __ICCARM__, __GNUC__, __TASKING__ are all defined by certain compilers the project has been ported to and is interested in.

The __attribute__((unused)) entry is a GNU-specific indicator (though other compilers may support this now too) to state that the symbol it's attached to may be unused and so the compiler should warn you about that condition.

As to how to use these ifdefs to determine what compiler is building your code -- do it in the same manner that you're reading in another project for building C. These are not factors for your python code.

It's common in compilers to define macros to determine what compiler they are, what version is that, ... a portable C++ code can use them to find out that it can use a specific feature or not.

What does __GNUC__ mean?

It indicates that I'm a GNU compiler and you can use GNU extensions. [1]

 

What is __attribute__((unused))?

This attribute, attached to a variable, means that the variable is meant to be possibly unused. GCC will not produce an unused-variable-warning for this variable. [2]

 

What is the difference between __GNUC__ and _MSC_VER?

They're two unrelated macros. First one says I'm am a GNU compiler and second one says the version number of MS compilers. However, MS compilers are not suppose to support GNU extensions.

 

How can I do the same #ifdef to check whether OS is compiling my python code using GNU and MS visual studios?

#if (defined(__GNU__) && defined(_MSC_VER))
   // ...
#endif

However, there is no chance to have these conditions together!