What is the smallest group containing all finite cyclic groups?

As Mike points out, "smallest" is not a precise terminology. However, since we already have a model $\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}$, one can prove what razivo suggests at least, i.e. there's no proper subgroups of $\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}$ satisfying the desired property. That's basically the existing question:Q/Z has a unique subgroup of order n for any positive integer n?. In the process, one actually shows each element of $\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}$ lies in some cyclic group of order $n$ (Note: $n$ might not be unique though). Thus if any element is taken away, there must be some cyclic group hurt.

PS. The torsion subgroup of $\mathbb{C}^\times$, which lhf suggests, is isomorphic to $\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}$ through the exponential map.

EDIT: I would like to present a possibly "fair" way to understand "smallest" in this context. For example, we hope that the smallest group containing $\mathbb{Z}/3\mathbb{Z}, \mathbb{Z}/6\mathbb{Z}$ and $\mathbb{Z}/8\mathbb{Z}$ should be $\mathbb{Z}/24\mathbb{Z}$. When we add more groups, for example, $\mathbb{Z}/5\mathbb{Z}$ and $\mathbb{Z}/10\mathbb{Z}$, we could embed all the groups mentioned above into $\mathbb{Z}/120\mathbb{Z}$, which is again smallest. Now it's inspiring to consider the diagram consisting of all cyclic groups $\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$, with arrows the emdeddings from $\mathbb{Z}/d\mathbb{Z}$ into $\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$ if and only if $d|n$. The colimit of this (directed) diagram seems to be the precise characterisation of "smallest" in our sense. Not surprisingly, one can prove this colimit is exactly $\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}$.

A convenient proof may use the disjoint-union characterisation of directed colimits, based on which we notice: once we identify $\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$ as $\frac{1}{n}\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}$, all the equivalent relations required in the characterisation of colimits (see the link above) coincide with those in $\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}$. For example, $4$ in $\mathbb{Z}/10\mathbb{Z}$ is equivalent with $6$ in $\mathbb{Z}/15\mathbb{Z}$, since they both correspond to $12$ in $\mathbb{Z}/30\mathbb{Z}$. This corresponds exactly to the fact $\frac{4}{10} = \frac{6}{15}$ in $\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}$ (since they both equal to $\frac{12}{30}$, by elementary arithmetic). Thus the directed colimit coincides with $\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}$.

This is a tough question because of the subjectivity of the word "smallest," but I can at least give you a smart-ass correct answer :) The group you're looking for will be the limit of the full subcategory of the category of abelian groups that consists only the (finite) cyclic groups. This isn't helpful except that it tells you such a groups exists since limits must exist in this category. Only considering finite cyclic groups you get something isomorphic to $\mathbf{Q}/\mathbf{Z}$ as folks have pointed out.

Idk how to describe the one where you consider the free cyclic group $\mathbf{Z}$ though. I'll leave this answer CW for anyone who wants to try to flush out details about this group.