What is the location of the Geany preferences/settings files?

Run in your terminal

locate geany.conf

This is the file where your preferences are being stored. For shortcuts, search for keybindings.conf.

If you are running Geany on Linux/BSD you will find them at ~/.config/geany.

On very ancient versions of Geany there have been a ~/.geany folder.

As for deploying it on other computers: Keep care, as inside geany.conf there are absolute path defined, which are e.g. depending on your username.

According to the Geany manual,

You can check the paths Geany is using with Help - Debug Messages. Near the top there should be 2 lines with something like:

Geany-INFO: System data dir: /usr/share/geany
Geany-INFO: User config dir: /home/username/.config/geany

Paths on Unix-like systems

The system path is $prefix/share/geany, where $prefix is the path where Geany is installed (see Installation prefix). The user configuration directory is normally: /home/username/.config/geany

Paths on Windows

The system path is the data subfolder of the installation path on Windows. The user configuration directory might vary, but on Windows XP it's: C:\Documents and Settings\UserName\Application Data\geany. On Windows 7 and above you most likely will find it at: C:\users\UserName\Roaming\geany.