What is the Default ActionBar Title Font Size?

The short one…

$ grep ActionBar platforms/android-11/data/res/values/* leads to

styles.xml:

<style name="TextAppearance.Widget.ActionBar.Title"
       parent="@android:style/TextAppearance.Medium">
</style>

<style name="TextAppearance.Widget.ActionBar.Subtitle"
       parent="@android:style/TextAppearance.Small">
</style>

[…]

<style name="TextAppearance.Medium">
    <item name="android:textSize">18sp</item>
</style>

<style name="TextAppearance.Small">
    <item name="android:textSize">14sp</item>
    <item name="android:textColor">?textColorSecondary</item>
</style>

This works for me.

This is what I do to get the default toolbar style:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/toolbar_top"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="?actionBarSize"
    android:background="@color/primary_dark">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/toolbar_title"
        style="@style/TextAppearance.AppCompat.Widget.ActionBar.Title"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

</android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar>

This does the trick to keep the default style style="@style/TextAppearance.AppCompat.Widget.ActionBar.Title"

Then in your activity, you can do:

Toolbar toolbarTop = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.toolbar_top);
TextView mTitle = (TextView) toolbarTop.findViewById(R.id.toolbar_title);
mTitle.setText("Custom...");