visual studio 2013 'add controller' missing

Make sure your .proj file includes all the appropriate project type Guids.

<ProjectTypeGuids>{E3E379DF-F4C6-4180-9B81-6769533ABE47};{349c5851-65df-11da-9384-00065b846f21};{fae04ec0-301f-11d3-bf4b-00c04f79efbc}</ProjectTypeGuids>

The first GUID allows all standard MVC operations in the context menus.

In my case Unloding and Reloading the project solved the problem. To unload - right click on the project name and choose "Unload Project" from the context menu. Then again right click on the project name and select "Reload Project" from the context menu.