Using std::vector as view on to raw memory

C++20's std::span

If you are able to use C++20, you could use std::span which is a pointer - length pair that gives the user a view into a contiguous sequence of elements. It is some sort of a std::string_view, and while both std::span and std::string_view are non-owning views, std::string_view is a read-only view.

From the docs:

The class template span describes an object that can refer to a contiguous sequence of objects with the first element of the sequence at position zero. A span can either have a static extent, in which case the number of elements in the sequence is known and encoded in the type, or a dynamic extent.

So the following would work:

#include <span>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>

int main() {
    int data[] = { 5, 3, 2, 1, 4 };
    std::span<int> s{data, 5};

    std::sort(s.begin(), s.end());

    for (auto const i : s) {
        std::cout << i << "\n";
    }

    return 0;
}

Check it out live

Since std::span is basically pointer - length pair, you can use in a following manner too:

size_t size = 0;
int *data = get_data_from_library(size);
std::span<int> s{data, size};

Note: Not all compilers support std::span. Check compiler support here.

UPDATE

If you are not able to use C++20, you could use gsl::span which is basically the base version of the C++ standard's std::span.

C++11 solution

If you are limited to C++11 standard, you can try implementing your own simple span class:

template<typename T>
class span {
   T* ptr_;
   std::size_t len_;

public:
    span(T* ptr, std::size_t len) noexcept
        : ptr_{ptr}, len_{len}
    {}

    T& operator[](int i) noexcept {
        return *ptr_[i];
    }

    T const& operator[](int i) const noexcept {
        return *ptr_[i];
    }

    std::size_t size() const noexcept {
        return len_;
    }

    T* begin() noexcept {
        return ptr_;
    }

    T* end() noexcept {
        return ptr_ + len_;
    }
};

Check out C++11 version live

The problem is that std::vector has to make a copy of the elements from the array you initialize it with as it has the ownership of the objects it contains.

To avoid this, you can use a slice object for an array (i.e., similar to what std::string_view is to std::string). You could write your own array_view class template implementation whose instances are constructed by taking a raw pointer to an array's first element and the array length:

#include <cstdint>

template<typename T>
class array_view {
   T* ptr_;
   std::size_t len_;
public:
   array_view(T* ptr, std::size_t len) noexcept: ptr_{ptr}, len_{len} {}

   T& operator[](int i) noexcept { return ptr_[i]; }
   T const& operator[](int i) const noexcept { return ptr_[i]; }
   auto size() const noexcept { return len_; }

   auto begin() noexcept { return ptr_; }
   auto end() noexcept { return ptr_ + len_; }
};

array_view doesn't store an array; it just holds a pointer to the beginning of the array and the length of that array. Therefore, array_view objects are cheap to construct and to copy.

Since array_view provides the begin() and end() member functions, you can use the standard library algorithms (e.g., std::sort, std::find, std::lower_bound, etc.) on it:

#define LEN 5

auto main() -> int {
   int arr[LEN] = {4, 5, 1, 2, 3};

   array_view<int> av(arr, LEN);

   std::sort(av.begin(), av.end());

   for (auto const& val: av)
      std::cout << val << ' ';
   std::cout << '\n';
}

Output:

1 2 3 4 5

---

Use std::span (or gsl::span) instead

The implementation above exposes the concept behind slice objects. However, since C++20 you can directly use std::span instead. In any case, you can use gsl::span since C++14.

Since the algorithm-library works with iterators you can keep the array.

For pointers and known array length

Here you can use raw pointers as iterators. They support all the opertations an iterator supports (increment, comparison for equality, value of, etc...):

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>

int *get_data_from_library(int &size) {
    static int data[] = {5,3,2,1,4}; 

    size = 5;

    return data;
}


int main()
{
    int size;
    int *data = get_data_from_library(size);

    std::sort(data, data + size);

    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
    {
        std::cout << data[i] << "\n";
    }
}

data points to the dirst array member like an iterator returned by begin() and data + size points to the element after the last element of the array like an iterator returned by end().

For arrays

Here you can use std::begin() and std::end()

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>

int main()
{
    int data[] = {5,3,2,1,4};         // raw data from library

    std::sort(std::begin(data), std::end(data));    // sort raw data in place

    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    {
        std::cout << data[i] << "\n";   // display sorted raw data 
    }
}

But keep in mind that this only works, if data does not decay to a pointer, because then length information goes missing.