TypeError: method() takes 1 positional argument but 2 were given

Something else to consider when this type of error is encountered:

I was running into this error message and found this post helpful. Turns out in my case I had overridden an __init__() where there was object inheritance.

The inherited example is rather long, so I'll skip to a more simple example that doesn't use inheritance:

class MyBadInitClass:
    def ___init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def name_foo(self, arg):
        print(self)
        print(arg)
        print("My name is", self.name)


class MyNewClass:
    def new_foo(self, arg):
        print(self)
        print(arg)


my_new_object = MyNewClass()
my_new_object.new_foo("NewFoo")
my_bad_init_object = MyBadInitClass(name="Test Name")
my_bad_init_object.name_foo("name foo")

Result is:

<__main__.MyNewClass object at 0x033C48D0>
NewFoo
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:/Users/Orange/PycharmProjects/Chapter9/bad_init_example.py", line 41, in <module>
    my_bad_init_object = MyBadInitClass(name="Test Name")
TypeError: object() takes no parameters

PyCharm didn't catch this typo. Nor did Notepad++ (other editors/IDE's might).

Granted, this is a "takes no parameters" TypeError, it isn't much different than "got two" when expecting one, in terms of object initialization in Python.

Addressing the topic: An overloading initializer will be used if syntactically correct, but if not it will be ignored and the built-in used instead. The object won't expect/handle this and the error is thrown.

In the case of the sytax error: The fix is simple, just edit the custom init statement:

def __init__(self, name):
    self.name = name

Newcomer to Python, I had this issue when I was using the Python's ** feature in a wrong way. Trying to call this definition from somewhere:

def create_properties_frame(self, parent, **kwargs):

using a call without a double star was causing the problem:

self.create_properties_frame(frame, kw_gsp)

TypeError: create_properties_frame() takes 2 positional arguments but 3 were given

The solution is to add ** to the argument:

self.create_properties_frame(frame, **kw_gsp)

In Python, this:

my_object.method("foo")

...is syntactic sugar, which the interpreter translates behind the scenes into:

MyClass.method(my_object, "foo")

...which, as you can see, does indeed have two arguments - it's just that the first one is implicit, from the point of view of the caller.

This is because most methods do some work with the object they're called on, so there needs to be some way for that object to be referred to inside the method. By convention, this first argument is called self inside the method definition:

class MyNewClass:

    def method(self, arg):
        print(self)
        print(arg)

If you call method("foo") on an instance of MyNewClass, it works as expected:

>>> my_new_object = MyNewClass()
>>> my_new_object.method("foo")
<__main__.MyNewClass object at 0x29045d0>
foo

Occasionally (but not often), you really don't care about the object that your method is bound to, and in that circumstance, you can decorate the method with the builtin staticmethod() function to say so:

class MyOtherClass:

    @staticmethod
    def method(arg):
        print(arg)

...in which case you don't need to add a self argument to the method definition, and it still works:

>>> my_other_object = MyOtherClass()
>>> my_other_object.method("foo")
foo

In simple words.

In Python you should add self argument as the first argument to all defined methods in classes:

class MyClass:
  def method(self, arg):
    print(arg)

Then you can use your method according to your intuition:

>>> my_object = MyClass()
>>> my_object.method("foo")
foo

This should solve your problem :)

For a better understanding, you can also read the answers to this question: What is the purpose of self?