Symbol 'grub_file_filters' not found on Kali Linux VM

What worked for me on OSX is combining Daniel Simon's answer and ddburrjr's comment.

1. Download a fresh .iso image from the official web page of Kali Linux.
2. Start VirtualBox and open the settings for the Kali Linux virtual machine. Add the downloaded iso image in the 'storage page' as a virtual cd. How? Select 'Controller: IDE' and press CD button on the right, 'choose disk' and then select the downloaded .iso file.
3. Press F12 during boot and press 'C' to to boot from CD_ROM
4. Select 'Live (amd64)' in the Boot menu to run Kali Linux from .iso file.
5. Follow these instructions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5spKO02G5v4
6. Done! Kali Linux boots up again from virtual harddrive