Standard PCB Layout Book

One book that helped me quite a lot was Johnson and Grahams "High Speed Digital Design". Quite old, but the theory hasn't changed so still very useful reading.
Analog Devices technical documentation has a few good app notes like "A practical guide to PCB layout" and "PCB Design Issues" Their web archives contain some good stuff too.

Although the theory stays the same, the important factors vary from application to application - e.g. a digital only board, mixed signal (e.g. opamps/ADCs with uC) or analog only board. Grounding with mixed signal can get quite interesting, needing careful attention to return paths, placement of power sources, breaks in plane causing return path to deviate, etc. A high impedance analog signal may need routing well away from anything digital, sometimes even a 90 degree crossing might not be acceptable.
In amplification systems (e.g audio, especially microphone amplifiers) one problem is the (often huge) difference of signal levels and impedances from input to output, so needs careful routing to avoid coupling from output back to input.

The standard IPC-2221, "Generic Standard on Printed Board Design" is quite complete - it covers:

• General Requirements
• Materials
• Mechanical/Physical Properties
• Electrical Properties
• Thermal Management
• Component and Assembly Issues
• Holes/Interconnections
• General Circuit Feature Requirements
• Documentation
• Quality Assurance

It is intended to

establish design principles and recommendations that shall be used in conjunction with the detailed requirements of a specific interconnecting structure sectional standard ... to produce detailed designs intended to mount and attach passive and active components.

(and you can check out the other IPC dependencies related to specific subjects such as rigid/flex circuits, high speed design etc...)

I agree that there doesn't seem to be a standard book for "simple" PCB design -- relatively slow and simple digital circuits; relatively slow and low-precision analog op-amp circuits; and everything else on a PCB necessary to support them. I agree that it's a little odd that all the EEs I know graduated college without knowing how to do this, yet everyone seems to expect them to know how to do this.

I'm collecting a list of books related to PCB layout at the Massmind.

So far I have

• IPC-D-275D Design standard for rigid Printed Boards and rigid Printed Board Assemblies http://www.ipc.org
• Murrietta Circuits Design Layout Standards http://www.murrietta.com/mc-ls.htm
• High-Speed Digital Design : A Handbook of Black Magic by Dr. Howard Johnson, and Martin Graham. See also: H. Johnson's archived newsletters [ on http://www.sigcon.com/ ]
• Digital Design for Interference Specifications (2nd Edition) by David Terrell and R. Kenneth Keenan.
• EMC and the Printed Circuit Board by Mark I. Montrose.
• EMC at Component and PCB Level
• High Speed PCB Design by Lee W. Ritchey and James C. Blankenhorn.
• Surface-Mount Technology for PC Boards by James K. Hollomon, Jr. (1995)
• Printed Circuit Board Basics by Michael Flatt
• Archambeault, Bruce R. "Pcb Design for Real-World Emi Control" ISBN:1402071302 ISBN:9781402071300 A current university textbook.
• Wikibooks: Practical Electronics Layout (a)