Set width of a span based on width of another element with pure css

It's a little bit gimmick but it can be done with pure CSS

#setter {
  display: inline-block;
}

.container {
  max-width: 200px;
  position: relative;
  display: inline-block;
  padding-bottom: 1.125em;
}

.wrap {
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  white-space: nowrap;
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
}
<div class="container">
  <div id="setter">
    <span>some variable content</span>
  </div>

  <div class="wrap">
    <span>
      lorem ipsum lorem ipsum lorem ipsum lorem ipsum    
    </span>
  </div>
</div>

I don't really think you can accomplish this with CSS. Try a jquery solution like this:

var $setter = $("#setter");
$setter.siblings(".wrap").css("max-width", $setter.width()+"px");