Reshape from long to wide and create columns with binary value

Using tidyr :

library(tidyr)
studentInfo <- data.frame(
  StudentID = c(1,1,1,2,3,3),
  Subject = c("Maths", "Science", "English", "Maths", "History", "History"))

pivot_wider(studentInfo,
            names_from = "Subject", 
            values_from = 'Subject', 
            values_fill = 0,
            values_fn = function(x) 1)
#> # A tibble: 3 x 5
#>   StudentID Maths Science English History
#>       <dbl> <int>   <int>   <int>   <int>
#> 1         1     1       1       1       0
#> 2         2     1       0       0       0
#> 3         3     0       0       0       1

^{Created on 2019-09-19 by the reprex package (v0.3.0)}

Using reshape2 we can dcast from long to wide.

As you only want a binary outcome we can unique the data first

library(reshape2)

si <- unique(studentInfo)
dcast(si, formula = StudentID ~ Subject, fun.aggregate = length)

#  StudentID English History Maths Science
#1         1       1       0     1       1
#2         2       0       0     1       0
#3         3       0       1     0       0

---

Another approach using tidyr and dplyr is

library(tidyr)
library(dplyr)

studentInfo %>%
  mutate(yesno = 1) %>%
  distinct %>%
  spread(Subject, yesno, fill = 0)

#  StudentID English History Maths Science
#1         1       1       0     1       1
#2         2       0       0     1       0
#3         3       0       1     0       0

Although I'm not a fan (yet) of tidyr syntax...

We can use table from base R

+(table(studentInfo)!=0)
#            Subject
#StudentID English History Maths Science
 #       1       1       0     1       1
 #       2       0       0     1       0
 #       3       0       1     0       0