Permission denied on mounted devices

After hours searching, there seems to be different causes for this issue and different solutions for each one.

I'm not an expert to provide a comprehensive answer so I hint to some frequent situations on the topic:

• Ownership/permission issues for mounted devices on mount points:
  File permissions won't change
  USB drive auto-mounted by user but gets write permissions for root only

• Damaged file-system that for security reasons mounts the device as read-only:
  Permission Denied on External Hard Drive

• Hibernated windows that doesn't permit a write access to windows partitions on dual-boot systems:
  Unable to mount Windows (NTFS) filesystem due to hibernation

• And the one that led me to answer is the type of mounting based on the file-system:
  Why can't I write on External Hard disk?

My problem was the missing NTFS driver package ntfs-3g that caused the system use the Linux kernel NTFS driver ntfs. As mentioned in Debian Wiki NTFS page, ntfs, Linux kernel NTFS driver, provides read-only access, and ntfs-3g, Userspace NTFS driver via FUSE, provides read and write access.

# apt-get install ntfs-3g and a system reboot solved the problem for me.