Modify NSEvent to send a different key than the one that was pressed

You can't do this with the NSEvent API, but you can do this with a CGEventTap. You can create an active event tap and register a callback that receives a CGEventRef and can modify it (if necessary) and return it to modify the actual event stream.

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EDIT

Here's a simple program that, while running, replaces every "b" keystroke with a "v":

#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>

CGEventRef myCGEventCallback(CGEventTapProxy proxy, CGEventType type, CGEventRef event, void *refcon) {
  //0x0b is the virtual keycode for "b"
  //0x09 is the virtual keycode for "v"
  if (CGEventGetIntegerValueField(event, kCGKeyboardEventKeycode) == 0x0B) {
    CGEventSetIntegerValueField(event, kCGKeyboardEventKeycode, 0x09);
  }

  return event;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
  CFRunLoopSourceRef runLoopSource;

  CFMachPortRef eventTap = CGEventTapCreate(kCGHIDEventTap, kCGHeadInsertEventTap, kCGEventTapOptionDefault, kCGEventMaskForAllEvents, myCGEventCallback, NULL);

  if (!eventTap) {
    NSLog(@"Couldn't create event tap!");
    exit(1);
  }

  runLoopSource = CFMachPortCreateRunLoopSource(kCFAllocatorDefault, eventTap, 0);

  CFRunLoopAddSource(CFRunLoopGetCurrent(), runLoopSource, kCFRunLoopCommonModes);

  CGEventTapEnable(eventTap, true);

  CFRunLoopRun();

  CFRelease(eventTap);
  CFRelease(runLoopSource);
  [pool release];

  exit(0);
}

(Funny story: as I was editing this post, I kept on trying to write "replaces every 'b' keystroke", but it kept on coming out as "replaces every 'v' keystroke". I was confused. Then I remembered that I hadn't stopped the app yet.)

I happened across this answer, needing to do the same but only for events within my own application not global . There is a much simpler solution, for this much simpler problem, which I am noting here incase it's useful for anyone else:

• I intercepted the event at the window, by creating an override for sendEvent:. I then check for key events (KeyUp or KeyDown) and then simply create a new event using nearly all the data from the prevous event, then call NSWindow superclass with this event instead.

This seems to work perfectly for me and I didn't have to even modify the keyCode part - but maybe this could be an issue...

Example in Swift:

class KeyInterceptorWindow : NSWindow {

    override func sendEvent(theEvent: NSEvent) {

        if theEvent.type == .KeyDown || theEvent.type == .KeyUp {
            println(theEvent.description)
            let newEvent = NSEvent.keyEventWithType(theEvent.type, 
                location: theEvent.locationInWindow, 
                modifierFlags: theEvent.modifierFlags, 
                timestamp: theEvent.timestamp, 
                windowNumber: theEvent.windowNumber, 
                context: theEvent.context, 
                characters: "H", 
                charactersIgnoringModifiers: theEvent.charactersIgnoringModifiers!, 
                isARepeat: theEvent.ARepeat, 
                keyCode: theEvent.keyCode)
            super.sendEvent(newEvent!)
        } else {
            super.sendEvent(theEvent)
        }

    }

}