Magnets arranged in a sphere

The magnetic analog of Gauss's law tells you that

$$ \oint B dA = 0$$

This says that he number of magnetic field lines entering and leaving any surface surrounding any configuration of magnets are always equal. So there is no configuration of equal and opposite poles which produces a monopolar field. Your configuration would neutralize the magnetic field of the magnets. All the inner poles would cancel with the outer poles, since the field is spherically symmetric. It's the same as two concentric spheres of equal total charge uniformly distributed on the surface, which also produce no field at long distances.