Looping Through NSAttributedString Attributes to Increase Font SIze

Something like this should work:

NSMutableAttributedString *res = [self.richTextEditor.attributedText mutableCopy];

[res beginEditing];
__block BOOL found = NO;
[res enumerateAttribute:NSFontAttributeName inRange:NSMakeRange(0, res.length) options:0 usingBlock:^(id value, NSRange range, BOOL *stop) {
    if (value) {
        UIFont *oldFont = (UIFont *)value;
        UIFont *newFont = [oldFont fontWithSize:oldFont.pointSize * 2];
        [res removeAttribute:NSFontAttributeName range:range];
        [res addAttribute:NSFontAttributeName value:newFont range:range];
        found = YES;
    }
}];
if (!found) {
    // No font was found - do something else?
}
[res endEditing];
self.richTextEditor.attributedText = res;

At this point res has a new attributed string with all fonts being twice their original size.

Here is a Swift port of maddy's answer (which works really well for me!). It's wrapped in a little extension.

import UIKit

extension NSAttributedString {
    func changeFontSize(factor: CGFloat) -> NSAttributedString {
        guard let output = self.mutableCopy() as? NSMutableAttributedString else {
            return self
        }

        output.beginEditing()
        output.enumerateAttribute(NSAttributedString.Key.font,
                                  in: NSRange(location: 0, length: self.length),
                                  options: []) { (value, range, stop) -> Void in
            guard let oldFont = value as? UIFont else {
                return
            }
            let newFont = oldFont.withSize(oldFont.pointSize * factor)
            output.removeAttribute(NSAttributedString.Key.font, range: range)
            output.addAttribute(NSAttributedString.Key.font, value: newFont, range: range)
        }
        output.endEditing()

        return output
    }
}

Create an NSMutableAttributedString from your original attributed string before you start. On each iteration of the loop, call addAttribute:value:range: on the mutable attributed string (this will replace the old attributes in that range).