LINQ - Left Join, Group By, and Count

from p in context.ParentTable
join c in context.ChildTable on p.ParentId equals c.ChildParentId into j1
from j2 in j1.DefaultIfEmpty()
group j2 by p.ParentId into grouped
select new { ParentId = grouped.Key, Count = grouped.Count(t=>t.ChildId != null) }

LATE ANSWER:

You shouldn't need the left join at all if all you're doing is Count(). Note that join...into is actually translated to GroupJoin which returns groupings like new{parent,IEnumerable<child>} so you just need to call Count() on the group:

from p in context.ParentTable
join c in context.ChildTable on p.ParentId equals c.ChildParentId into g
select new { ParentId = p.Id, Count = g.Count() }

In Extension Method syntax a join into is equivalent to GroupJoin (while a join without an into is Join):

context.ParentTable
    .GroupJoin(
                   inner: context.ChildTable
        outerKeySelector: parent => parent.ParentId,
        innerKeySelector: child => child.ParentId,
          resultSelector: (parent, children) => new { parent.Id, Count = children.Count() }
    );

 (from p in context.ParentTable     
  join c in context.ChildTable 
    on p.ParentId equals c.ChildParentId into j1 
  from j2 in j1.DefaultIfEmpty() 
     select new { 
          ParentId = p.ParentId,
         ChildId = j2==null? 0 : 1 
      })
   .GroupBy(o=>o.ParentId) 
   .Select(o=>new { ParentId = o.key, Count = o.Sum(p=>p.ChildId) })

Consider using a subquery:

from p in context.ParentTable 
let cCount =
(
  from c in context.ChildTable
  where p.ParentId == c.ChildParentId
  select c
).Count()
select new { ParentId = p.Key, Count = cCount } ;

---

If the query types are connected by an association, this simplifies to:

from p in context.ParentTable 
let cCount = p.Children.Count()
select new { ParentId = p.Key, Count = cCount } ;