Java: how to convert RGB color to CIE Lab
Here's my implementation:
import java.awt.color.ColorSpace;
public class CIELab extends ColorSpace {
public static CIELab getInstance() {
return Holder.INSTANCE;
}
@Override
public float[] fromCIEXYZ(float[] colorvalue) {
double l = f(colorvalue[1]);
double L = 116.0 * l - 16.0;
double a = 500.0 * (f(colorvalue[0]) - l);
double b = 200.0 * (l - f(colorvalue[2]));
return new float[] {(float) L, (float) a, (float) b};
}
@Override
public float[] fromRGB(float[] rgbvalue) {
float[] xyz = CIEXYZ.fromRGB(rgbvalue);
return fromCIEXYZ(xyz);
}
@Override
public float getMaxValue(int component) {
return 128f;
}
@Override
public float getMinValue(int component) {
return (component == 0)? 0f: -128f;
}
@Override
public String getName(int idx) {
return String.valueOf("Lab".charAt(idx));
}
@Override
public float[] toCIEXYZ(float[] colorvalue) {
double i = (colorvalue[0] + 16.0) * (1.0 / 116.0);
double X = fInv(i + colorvalue[1] * (1.0 / 500.0));
double Y = fInv(i);
double Z = fInv(i - colorvalue[2] * (1.0 / 200.0));
return new float[] {(float) X, (float) Y, (float) Z};
}
@Override
public float[] toRGB(float[] colorvalue) {
float[] xyz = toCIEXYZ(colorvalue);
return CIEXYZ.toRGB(xyz);
}
CIELab() {
super(ColorSpace.TYPE_Lab, 3);
}
private static double f(double x) {
if (x > 216.0 / 24389.0) {
return Math.cbrt(x);
} else {
return (841.0 / 108.0) * x + N;
}
}
private static double fInv(double x) {
if (x > 6.0 / 29.0) {
return x*x*x;
} else {
return (108.0 / 841.0) * (x - N);
}
}
private Object readResolve() {
return getInstance();
}
private static class Holder {
static final CIELab INSTANCE = new CIELab();
}
private static final long serialVersionUID = 5027741380892134289L;
private static final ColorSpace CIEXYZ =
ColorSpace.getInstance(ColorSpace.CS_CIEXYZ);
private static final double N = 4.0 / 29.0;
}
I had some problems using the code in @finw's answer. I believe they were mostly due to the fact that to do a CIELab conversion you should specify an illuminant:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_illuminant
One of the popular standards is D50, which is basically just a standard daylight. Because @finw's code doesn't have the correction for illumination, the colors that are supposed to be neutral gray come out slightly tinted. One way of checking this is to try:
float[] g = { 50.0f, 0f, 0f };
CIELab.getInstance().toRGB(g);
for (float f : g) System.out.println(f);
You should get roughly the same number on all three channels, but you end up with an RGB profile that's noticeably (albeit slightly) blue. I'm sure it is possible to correct this in @finw's code, but after a bit of playing with it and searching around, I found some excellent conversion code here:
http://www.f4.fhtw-berlin.de/~barthel/ImageJ/ColorInspector//HTMLHelp/farbraumJava.htm
For completeness, here it is.
public void rgb2lab(int R, int G, int B, int[] lab) {
//http://www.brucelindbloom.com
float r, g, b, X, Y, Z, fx, fy, fz, xr, yr, zr;
float Ls, as, bs;
float eps = 216.f/24389.f;
float k = 24389.f/27.f;
float Xr = 0.964221f; // reference white D50
float Yr = 1.0f;
float Zr = 0.825211f;
// RGB to XYZ
r = R/255.f; //R 0..1
g = G/255.f; //G 0..1
b = B/255.f; //B 0..1
// assuming sRGB (D65)
if (r <= 0.04045)
r = r/12;
else
r = (float) Math.pow((r+0.055)/1.055,2.4);
if (g <= 0.04045)
g = g/12;
else
g = (float) Math.pow((g+0.055)/1.055,2.4);
if (b <= 0.04045)
b = b/12;
else
b = (float) Math.pow((b+0.055)/1.055,2.4);
X = 0.436052025f*r + 0.385081593f*g + 0.143087414f *b;
Y = 0.222491598f*r + 0.71688606f *g + 0.060621486f *b;
Z = 0.013929122f*r + 0.097097002f*g + 0.71418547f *b;
// XYZ to Lab
xr = X/Xr;
yr = Y/Yr;
zr = Z/Zr;
if ( xr > eps )
fx = (float) Math.pow(xr, 1/3.);
else
fx = (float) ((k * xr + 16.) / 116.);
if ( yr > eps )
fy = (float) Math.pow(yr, 1/3.);
else
fy = (float) ((k * yr + 16.) / 116.);
if ( zr > eps )
fz = (float) Math.pow(zr, 1/3.);
else
fz = (float) ((k * zr + 16.) / 116);
Ls = ( 116 * fy ) - 16;
as = 500*(fx-fy);
bs = 200*(fy-fz);
lab[0] = (int) (2.55*Ls + .5);
lab[1] = (int) (as + .5);
lab[2] = (int) (bs + .5);
}
In my tests, it produces gray values that are appropriately chroma-free, and it is much speedier to boot.
There is a TYPE_Lab, but no corresponding CS_Lab. You will need to extend ColorSpace and override the abstract methods to convert between XYZ, RGB, and Lab. The required conversions can be found at Lab color space (Wikipedia).
I used this code and it worked:
public double[] rgbToLab(int R, int G, int B) {
double r, g, b, X, Y, Z, xr, yr, zr;
// D65/2°
double Xr = 95.047;
double Yr = 100.0;
double Zr = 108.883;
// --------- RGB to XYZ ---------//
r = R/255.0;
g = G/255.0;
b = B/255.0;
if (r > 0.04045)
r = Math.pow((r+0.055)/1.055,2.4);
else
r = r/12.92;
if (g > 0.04045)
g = Math.pow((g+0.055)/1.055,2.4);
else
g = g/12.92;
if (b > 0.04045)
b = Math.pow((b+0.055)/1.055,2.4);
else
b = b/12.92 ;
r*=100;
g*=100;
b*=100;
X = 0.4124*r + 0.3576*g + 0.1805*b;
Y = 0.2126*r + 0.7152*g + 0.0722*b;
Z = 0.0193*r + 0.1192*g + 0.9505*b;
// --------- XYZ to Lab --------- //
xr = X/Xr;
yr = Y/Yr;
zr = Z/Zr;
if ( xr > 0.008856 )
xr = (float) Math.pow(xr, 1/3.);
else
xr = (float) ((7.787 * xr) + 16 / 116.0);
if ( yr > 0.008856 )
yr = (float) Math.pow(yr, 1/3.);
else
yr = (float) ((7.787 * yr) + 16 / 116.0);
if ( zr > 0.008856 )
zr = (float) Math.pow(zr, 1/3.);
else
zr = (float) ((7.787 * zr) + 16 / 116.0);
double[] lab = new double[3];
lab[0] = (116*yr)-16;
lab[1] = 500*(xr-yr);
lab[2] = 200*(yr-zr);
return lab;
}
For the code above I used the formulas provided here in order to convert from rgb to XYZ and then from XYZ to CIELab. The results I get are the same with this online converter.