Is there anything I can do about shockingly poor quality course materials?
You mentioned that the college is accredited. You might want to contact the accrediting body (it's usually regional, like SACS and NEACS) and alert them to what's going on here. I'm very sorry to hear you're having such a poor experience with this distance learning program. It's possible that it's vastly inferior to the school's on-site program, although given the overall bad impression I'm getting of the institution from your question, maybe not. But yes, it's time to complain to an outside agency.
As for how to salvage your education, I don't think transferring credits is a bad idea. Yes, your learning suffered, but I'm guessing you're not made of money and you want to be able to get through this degree without mortgaging a child to do it. You need to transfer into a legitimate program as soon as you can, without waiting for the complaint process to resolve. But I would still get in touch with the accrediting body. This is the sort of thing they need to know about.
If you're dissatisfied, the easiest approach is to vote with your feet and wallet and leave. Your best bet would be to transfer to a proper, accredited program ASAP. Don't throw good time after bad time.
For an accredited program, it's hard to believe that all of their instruction material is made in-house. This is not the norm. From an accreditation standpoint, make sure the accrediting body is legit.
Alternatively, as your program is accredited, you can raise concerns with the accrediting body. This approach is both costly, time-consuming, and not for the faint of heart. Whatever the outcome, you will likely be on unfriendly terms with the administration for the duration of your stay.
That said, you've said that so far, you've only taken gen ed classes. At many universities, these general classes are often not indicative of the quality of instruction you'll receive in upper classes. Keep that in mind.
I agree with the answers that @Akat and @user389823 have posted. However, certain circumstances will prevent a student from leaving (financial aid, inability to transfer credits, family reasons, etc.). Leaving would probably be the best option, but in the case that you cannot leave, here is what I would suggest:
Be brutally honest on course evaluations
My department takes these pretty seriously and readily makes instructor changes based on them. Occasionally you will have a tenured, full professor who isn't going anywhere no matter what you say, but your response on course evals can make a difference - probably not for you at this point, but an honest evaluation could improve the situation for others that come after you.
Do something to set yourself apart from your classmates
If something is factually wrong in a course manual, respectfully challenge it during lectures, in assignments, etc. As an instructor, I really like it when students do this, and these students are stuck in my mind after doing so. I give good references to good students; I give great references to students willing to respectfully (this is vitally important) challenge my lectures/views and still perform well in the class.
If there is a better way to tackle a problem than what your instructor recommended, then try it. Try the problem both ways, compare the results, and explain your findings. If your prof is making you create charts in Excel, create something publication quality in R with ggplot2 or in Python with matplotlib. Instead of creating documents and presentations with Word and Powerpoint, create some awesome looking alternatives with LaTeX (these are just simple examples). You will probably learn new skills in the process which will be valuable in the future.
Don't let yourself sink down to the level of the program.
Consider the possibility that you may need to give your instructors more slack
For example, I can sympathize with an instructor who is not from the US that makes typos, as long as the concepts are still clear. If I was teaching in another language, I would make mistakes as well. Additionally, don't fault a philosophy professor, for example, for not having the greatest technical/computing skills. When a person is skilled technically (which it sounds like you are), this is difficult not to do, but don't let your expertise get in the way of seeing another person's expertise.
That said, if criticism really is warranted, then don't hold back.
Like others have said, getting out is probably the best option, but in case you can't, try to make the best of a bad situation.