Apple - Is there a way to export syntax color settings from one Xcode installation to a new one?

Custom syntax color themes are located in

~/Library/Developer/Xcode/UserData/FontAndColorThemes/

(Note that this directory may not exist if you've not yet modified any of your themes or haven't created a custom theme of your own, but will be created as soon as you do.)

The files have a .dvtcolortheme extension. Simply retrieve the file from that directory and copy it into the same directory on another machine.

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I quite like Ethan Schoonover's Solarized themes; I find them to be very readable and easy on the eyes, and can be installed as explained above.