Is there a way to copy URLs from all open tabs in a Google Chrome (or other browser) window into an email?

Chrome, version 40 (without an extension):

NOTE: This method saves all open tabs as bookmarks in a new folder, which can then be deleted.

1. Press Ctrl + Shift + d on Windows/Linux or ⌘ + Shift + d on Mac to "Bookmark open pages".
2. Type name of folder for bookmarked pages and press Enter.
3. Press Ctrl + Shift + o on Windows/Linux or ⌥ + ⌘ + b on Mac to open "Bookmark Manager" (pictured below).
4. Select saved folder.
5. Give focus to folder contents pane.
6. Press Ctrl + a on Windows/Linux or ⌘ + a on Mac to select all bookmarks.
7. Press Ctrl + c on Windows/Linux or ⌘ + c on Mac to copy all urls (and only urls).

In Google Chrome there is... Get opened tabs URLs

Hope it works ok!

With Firefox, there is the CopyAllURLs add-on which does exactly that.

copies and pastes all urls of open tabs inclusive history in structured and well defined form to and from clipboard.