Drupal - Is there a function to clear the watchdog log inside a module?

The best way to do this is via drush:

$ drush help watchdog-delete
Delete watchdog messages. Arguments or options must be provided to specify which messages to delete.

Examples:
 drush watchdog-delete all                 Delete all messages.
 drush watchdog-delete 64                  Delete messages with id 64.
 drush watchdog-delete "cron run           Delete messages containing the string "cron run succesful".
 succesful"
 drush watchdog-delete --severity=notice   Delete all messages with a severity of notice.
 drush watchdog-delete --type=cron         Delete all messages of type cron.


Arguments:
 severity                                  Delete messages of a given severity level.
 type                                      Delete messages of a given type.


Aliases: wd-del, wd-delete

db_delete('watchdog')->execute();