Is it possible to set prefetch count on @RabbitListener

Solution according to @artem-bilan answer:

Declare RabbitListenerContainerFactory bean with prefetch count 10 in some @Configuration class:

@Bean
public RabbitListenerContainerFactory<SimpleMessageListenerContainer> prefetchTenRabbitListenerContainerFactory(ConnectionFactory rabbitConnectionFactory) {
    SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory factory = new SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory();
    factory.setConnectionFactory(rabbitConnectionFactory);
    factory.setPrefetchCount(10);
    return factory;
}

Receiver bean uses this factory bean:

@Component
public class Receiver {

    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Receiver.class);

    @RabbitListener(queues = "hello", containerFactory = "prefetchTenRabbitListenerContainerFactory")
    public void receive(String message) {
        log.info(" [x] Received '{}'.", message);
    }

    @RabbitListener(queues = "hello")
    public void receiveWithoutPrefetch(String message) {
        log.info(" [x] Received without prefetch '{}'.", message);
    }

}

Two listeners here is just for demo purpose.
With this configuration Spring creates two AMQP channels. One for each @RabbitListener. First with prefetch count 10 using our new prefetchTenRabbitListenerContainerFactory bean and second with prefetch count 1 using default rabbitListenerContainerFactory bean.

The @RabbitListener has containerFactory option:

/**
 * The bean name of the {@link org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.RabbitListenerContainerFactory}
 * to use to create the message listener container responsible to serve this endpoint.
 * <p>If not specified, the default container factory is used, if any.
 * @return the {@link org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.RabbitListenerContainerFactory}
 * bean name.
 */
String containerFactory() default "";

Where you can configure SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory with the desired prefetchCount and the target SimpleMessageListenerContainer for that annotation will have that option for you.