Sharepoint - Is it possible to have a button inside a column in Sharepoint list

If you are using SharePoint 2013 or SharePoint Online, you can take advantage of JSLink to render your Status field as you want - in this case a button with some javascript logic behind it.

The process would be very similar to the one described here: http://sharepoint-community.net/profiles/blogs/using-jslink-to-implement-delete-buttons-for-list-view.

I'm assuming here that by "submits the record" you are referring to something that can be achieved by javascript

Note:

in June 2017, Microsoft disabled the use of JavaScript in a Calculated Column

That means given answers may not apply for newer SharePoint versions

For long explanation and work arounds see:
June 13th 2017 Microsoft blocked handling HTML markup in SharePoint calculated fields - how to get the same functionality back

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Original answer:

Read the Pros & Cons at : http://www.viewmaster365.com/#/How

• Create a Calculated Column View

• set Datatype=Number (will output String as HTML)

• Add the Formula:

  ="<a href='#' onclick=""{event.stopPropagation();"
  &"var ID=getItemIDFromIID(findIIDInAncestorNode(this)),"
  &"url=_spPageContextInfo.serverRequestPath.replace(/[^\/]*$/gi,'');"
  &"this.parentNode.innerHTML='Opening:'+ID;"
  &"document.location=url+'DispForm.aspx?ID='+ID;"
  &"}""><img src='/_layouts/images/VIEWREPORTSHH.png' width='20px'></a>"
  

Onclick it captures the ID value from the TR node
Builts the correct url
Displays a message (every click in a webpage should give an immediate response IMHO)
goes to the url

I am not 100% sure if those IID functions exist in 2010, if not see the examples below for alternative code

More:

• Delete Item: http://www.viewmaster365.com/#/Create/ActionDelete
• Clone/Duplicate item: Set default values in new controls on custom form
• Start a Workflow: Can I add a start workflow link to a column in a list view?

ICC