I'm not the language you're looking for!

C89/C99, 171 152 136 114 111 107 105 bytes

Thanks at @Hurkyls, @Qwertiys, @jimmy23013 and @MD XF for your hints.

golfed version:

c;main(){c=-4.5//**/
-4.5;printf("This program wasn't written in C%d, it was built for C%d!",90-c,98+c);}

ungolfed version:

c;

main()
{
    c = -4.5//**/
    -4.5;
    printf("This program wasn't written in C%d, it was built for C%d!",90-c,98+c);
}

Little description:

C versions previous C99 just had the multiline comment like this:

/*foo*/

with C99 the single line comment was introduced. like this:

//foo

so if you compile a line like this:

c =-4.5//**/
-4.5;

the for the c99 compiler compiling-related code would be:

c = -4.5 -4.5;

while the for a c89 compiler relevant code would be:

(as the first / isn't part of a comment and therfor treat as operator)

c = -4.5 / -4.5;

Foo/CJam, 70 bytes

"This program wasn't written in ""Foo"", it was built for ""CJam"\@"!"

In Foo, as many have found out, it just prints everything in the double quotes, and ignores most other character or does something that doesn't affect the output in most cases. In short, \@ does nothing and the strings are all printed as-is.

In CJam, \ swaps the top two items, and @ moves the 3rd item to the top, which arrange the strings into the right order. And after the program ends, everything left in the stack is automatically printed.

JavaScript/Ruby, 170 bytes

Might be 2.0 only, doesn't appear to work in at least 2.1.5... Edit: Updates as per advice from @Jordan hopefully it works in a few more versions now!

a='1';c=console=console||eval('def c.log s;$><<s end;c');c.log("This program wasn't written in "+(d=['JavaScript','Ruby'])[b= ~(a=~/1/)]+', it was built for '+d[b+1]+'!')

Abuses the ~ operator in that Ruby will treat =~ as a regex match returning the position of the first match in the string (0), but JavaScript will treat it as = ~/1/ which is -1 (since /1/ is converted to NaN for numeric operations, which has 0 value).