How to set checkbox in a table checked?

There is no type_checkbox class on the element. I presume you meant to use an attribute selector like this instead:

$('#medicalListTable input[type="checkbox"][id="sindicate-345"]').prop('checked', true);

However, if you have an id on the element it should be unique in the DOM so that is the only selector you need to use:

$('#sindicate-345').prop('checked', true);

$('#sindicate-345').prop('checked', true);
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<table id="medicalListTable" class="display responsive nowrap dataTable no-footer" cellspacing="0" width="100%" role="grid" aria-describedby="medicalListTable_info" style="width: 100%;">
  <thead>
    <tr role="row">
      <th class="sorting ui-state-default sorting_asc" tabindex="0" aria-controls="medicalListTable" rowspan="1" colspan="1" aria-sort="ascending" aria-label="Id empleado: activate to sort column descending" style="width: 134px;">
        <div class="DataTables_sort_wrapper">Id empleado<span class="DataTables_sort_icon css_right ui-icon ui-icon-triangle-1-n"></span></div>
      </th>
      <th class="sorting ui-state-default" tabindex="0" aria-controls="medicalListTable" rowspan="1" colspan="1" aria-label="Nombre: activate to sort column ascending" style="width: 174px;">
        <div class="DataTables_sort_wrapper">Nombre<span class="DataTables_sort_icon css_right ui-icon ui-icon-caret-2-n-s"></span></div>
      </th>
      <th class="sorting ui-state-default" tabindex="0" aria-controls="medicalListTable" rowspan="1" colspan="1" aria-label="Apellidos: activate to sort column ascending" style="width: 329px;">
        <div class="DataTables_sort_wrapper">Apellidos<span class="DataTables_sort_icon css_right ui-icon ui-icon-caret-2-n-s"></span></div>
      </th>
      <th class="sorting ui-state-default" tabindex="0" aria-controls="medicalListTable" rowspan="1" colspan="1" aria-label="Seleccionar: activate to sort column ascending" style="width: 125px;">
        <div class="DataTables_sort_wrapper">Seleccionar<span class="DataTables_sort_icon css_right ui-icon ui-icon-caret-2-n-s"></span></div>
      </th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr role="row" class="odd">
      <td class="vehicleId sorting_1">345</td>
      <td class="model">NAME</td>
      <td class="model">SURNAME</td>
      <td>
        <input type="checkbox" id="sindicate-345">
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>