How to reinstall .NET Framework 4/4.6 on Windows 10?

The .NET framework is a Windows Feature (as of Windows 8 or even as far back as 7) found under "Programs and Features". I have had some good success with the following procedure:

  1. Disabling the feature (.NET 4 and 3.5).
  2. Reboot the computer.
  3. Manually force a WindowsUpdate check to make sure everything is on the latest version.
  4. Re-enable the feature(s) and then run WindowsUpdate again.

Last resort measure: Install one of the Visual Studio development environments (Express edition is good enough.) This also forces a refresh of .NET.

If that doesn't fix the problems nothing else will.
Because it is an integrated feature of Windows a really broken .NET environment is basically a broken Windows installation needing a re-install of Windows.