How to persist data in a dockerized postgres database using volumes

Strangely enough, the solution ended up being to change

volumes:
  - ./postgres-data:/var/lib/postgresql

to

volumes:
  - ./postgres-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data

You can create a common volume for all Postgres data

docker volume create pgdata

or you can set it to the compose file

version: "3"
services:
  db:
    image: postgres
    environment:
      - POSTGRES_USER=postgres
      - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=postgress
      - POSTGRES_DB=postgres
    ports:
      - "5433:5432"
    volumes:
      - pgdata:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    networks:
      - suruse
volumes:
  pgdata:

It will create volume name pgdata and mount this volume to container's path.

You can inspect this volume

docker volume inspect pgdata

// output will be
[
    {
        "Driver": "local",
        "Labels": {},
        "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/pgdata/_data",
        "Name": "pgdata",
        "Options": {},
        "Scope": "local"
    }
]