How to permanently configure keyboard

using sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration will change your keyboardlayout just for this session.

go for sudo nano /etc/default/keyboard there you can change your keyboard settings.

Find the line :

XKBLAYOUT="xx"

You can change layout and kboptions as well as your model and the kbvariant.

Just put in tr for Turkish

on older ubuntu versions you could go for dpkg-reconfigure console-setup and make permanently changes here. but for server 12.04 I guess it should be in the keyboard file.

The keyboard settings are stored in /etc/default/keyboard file. It's provided by the keyboard-configuration package, and other packages use this information in order to configure the keyboard on the console or in X Window System.

You can change your keyboard settings using:

dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration
service keyboard-setup restart

Source

To change it permanently via the terminal run this:

For US:

L='us' && sudo sed -i 's/XKBLAYOUT=\"\w*"/XKBLAYOUT=\"'$L'\"/g' /etc/default/keyboard

For French:

L='fr' && sudo sed -i 's/XKBLAYOUT=\"\w*"/XKBLAYOUT=\"'$L'\"/g' /etc/default/keyboard

For German:

L='de' && sudo sed -i 's/XKBLAYOUT=\"\w*"/XKBLAYOUT=\"'$L'\"/g' /etc/default/keyboard

and so on...

Tested on Ubuntu 16.04 64 bit.

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To change it temporarily you can use setxkbmap mylayout...

# US
setxkbmap us
# French
setxkbmap fr
# German
setxkbmap de

In terminal mode, you need to use loadkeys instead of setxkbmap

# US
loadkeys us
# French
loadkeys fr
# German
loadkeys de