How to pass props to component inside a React Navigation navigator?

Your example is a bit vague so I try to explain as much as I can.

There is 2 different ways to pass properties to screens (except redux implementation).

1) navigate action

You can pass parameters to navigated screen with passing params argument to the screen.

navigation.navigate({routeName, params, action, key}) OR navigation.navigate(routeName, params, action)

routeName - A destination routeName that has been registered somewhere in the app's router

params - Params to merge into the destination route

action - (advanced) The sub-action to run in the child router, if the screen is a navigator. See Actions Doc for a full list of supported actions.

key - Optional identifier of what route to navigate to. Navigate back to this route, if it already exists

Sample

this.props.navigate('Profile', { name: 'Brent' })

2) screenProps

You can pass a global parameter to the navigation which can be available in every screen for that navigation.

screenProps - Pass down extra options to child screens

Sample

const SomeStack = createStackNavigator({
  // config
});

<SomeStack
  screenProps={/* this prop will get passed to the screen components as this.props.screenProps */}
/>

I have created a small sample app which I am guessing you are trying to achieve.

const Tab = ({name, searchValue}) => (
  <View style={styles.tabContainer}>
    <Text>{name}</Text>
    <Text>{`Searching: ${searchValue || '...'}`}</Text>
  </View>
);

const Wines = (props) => (<Tab name="Wines Page" searchValue={props.screenProps.searchValue} />);
const Stores = (props) => (<Tab name="Stores Page" searchValue={props.screenProps.searchValue} />);
const Vineyards = (props) => (<Tab name="Vineyards Page" searchValue={props.screenProps.searchValue} />);
const Restaurants = (props) => (<Tab name="Restaurants Page" searchValue={props.screenProps.searchValue} />);

const Navigator = createMaterialTopTabNavigator({
    Wines,
    Stores,
    Vineyards,
    Restaurants
});

export default class App extends Component {
  state = {
    text: ''
  }
  changeText = (text) => {
    this.setState({text})
  }
  clearText = () => {
    this.setState({text: ''})
  }
  render() {
    return (
      <View style={styles.container}>
        <SearchBar
          lightTheme
          value={this.state.text}
          onChangeText={this.changeText}
          onClearText={this.clearText}
          placeholder='Type Here...' />
        <Navigator screenProps={{searchValue: this.state.text}} />
      </View>
    );
  }
}

Based on this you can pass properties to screens also like this:

return (
    <NavigationContainer>
      <Tab.Navigator>
            <Tab.Screen name="Home">
                {(props) => <HomeScreen  {...props} text={homeText} />}
            </Tab.Screen>
           <Tab.Screen name="Settings" component={SettingsScreen} />
      </Tab.Navigator>
    </NavigationContainer>
  );

The difference to the following method from the docs

            <Tab.Screen name="Home" component={HomeScreen} />

is this:

            <Tab.Screen name="Home">
                {(props) => <HomeScreen  {...props} text={homeText} />}
            </Tab.Screen>

This worked just fine for me in a similar case.