Academia - How to master the art of asking/answering questions?

I won't profess to know how to "master the art" of asking questions on SE. But I will answer based on my experience thus far with these sites.

Chiefly, the best way to learn the art of asking questions is... to ask questions. Just like most other things in life, it takes time and practice to figure out how to do ask a "good" question -- though the links @ff524 pointed out will help narrow that down. But ultimately, it takes time to figure out what questions have already been asked, what questions are appropriate, what questions are worthwhile (so to speak), etc.

So tonysdg, what you're saying is that I should start blasting the site with questions and eventually I'll get better, right?

Sure, and if you keep randomly entering letters into a word processor, you'll get the complete works of William Shakespeare. My point is: obviously I don't mean ask dozens of inane, silly questions -- but if you've been stalking reading SE sites already, then you have a fairly decent picture of what a truly awful question looks like. As for the questions in your mind that you aren't sure about -- ask away. Trust me, the community will let you know one way or the other ;-)

And over time, you'll get a better and better sense of how to ask good, useful, meaningful questions on SE.

After re-reading your question, I add that it is well written in many respects and so I guess that you are on a good way. A bit more detail:

• In your question you give necessary background, a bit too much probably, but in this regard the question is fine.

• The part "vent off some steam on the Academia StackExchange" was probably not a good idea. I think "venting off steam" here is not appreciated in general. In case the remark was tongue-in-cheek: adding humor to questions is difficult to get right (cf. this question and this duplicate) and often you are better off in leaving the humor out.

• When the question comes to the actual question, you are asking too many questions (I count three question marks), and also quite different ones. I suggest to think harder on what is the most important question for you, i.e. an answer to what question would help you most. In this particular case, I guess the question "What I am doing wrong?", while probably interesting, is not the one that is most important, since you focus on improving your situation and not focus on reflecting your behavior.