How to get raster corner coordinates using Python GDAL bindings?

This can be done in far fewer lines of code

src = gdal.Open(path goes here)
ulx, xres, xskew, uly, yskew, yres  = src.GetGeoTransform()
lrx = ulx + (src.RasterXSize * xres)
lry = uly + (src.RasterYSize * yres)

ulx, uly is the upper left corner, lrx, lry is the lower right corner

The osr library (part of gdal) can be used to transform the points to any coordinate system. For a single point:

from osgeo import ogr
from osgeo import osr

# Setup the source projection - you can also import from epsg, proj4...
source = osr.SpatialReference()
source.ImportFromWkt(src.GetProjection())

# The target projection
target = osr.SpatialReference()
target.ImportFromEPSG(4326)

# Create the transform - this can be used repeatedly
transform = osr.CoordinateTransformation(source, target)

# Transform the point. You can also create an ogr geometry and use the more generic `point.Transform()`
transform.TransformPoint(ulx, uly)

To reproject a whole raster image would be a far more complicated matter, but GDAL >= 2.0 offers an easy solution for this too: gdal.Warp.

Here's another way to do it without calling an external program.

What this does is get the coordinates of the four corners from the geotransform and reproject them to lon/lat using osr.CoordinateTransformation.

from osgeo import gdal,ogr,osr

def GetExtent(gt,cols,rows):
    ''' Return list of corner coordinates from a geotransform

        @type gt:   C{tuple/list}
        @param gt: geotransform
        @type cols:   C{int}
        @param cols: number of columns in the dataset
        @type rows:   C{int}
        @param rows: number of rows in the dataset
        @rtype:    C{[float,...,float]}
        @return:   coordinates of each corner
    '''
    ext=[]
    xarr=[0,cols]
    yarr=[0,rows]

    for px in xarr:
        for py in yarr:
            x=gt[0]+(px*gt[1])+(py*gt[2])
            y=gt[3]+(px*gt[4])+(py*gt[5])
            ext.append([x,y])
            print x,y
        yarr.reverse()
    return ext

def ReprojectCoords(coords,src_srs,tgt_srs):
    ''' Reproject a list of x,y coordinates.

        @type geom:     C{tuple/list}
        @param geom:    List of [[x,y],...[x,y]] coordinates
        @type src_srs:  C{osr.SpatialReference}
        @param src_srs: OSR SpatialReference object
        @type tgt_srs:  C{osr.SpatialReference}
        @param tgt_srs: OSR SpatialReference object
        @rtype:         C{tuple/list}
        @return:        List of transformed [[x,y],...[x,y]] coordinates
    '''
    trans_coords=[]
    transform = osr.CoordinateTransformation( src_srs, tgt_srs)
    for x,y in coords:
        x,y,z = transform.TransformPoint(x,y)
        trans_coords.append([x,y])
    return trans_coords

raster=r'somerasterfile.tif'
ds=gdal.Open(raster)

gt=ds.GetGeoTransform()
cols = ds.RasterXSize
rows = ds.RasterYSize
ext=GetExtent(gt,cols,rows)

src_srs=osr.SpatialReference()
src_srs.ImportFromWkt(ds.GetProjection())
#tgt_srs=osr.SpatialReference()
#tgt_srs.ImportFromEPSG(4326)
tgt_srs = src_srs.CloneGeogCS()

geo_ext=ReprojectCoords(ext,src_srs,tgt_srs)

Some code from the metageta project, osr.CoordinateTransformation idea from this answer

With rasterio is very simple, I've done it like this:

ds_raster = rasterio.open(raster_path)
bounds = ds_raster.bounds
left= bounds.left
bottom = bounds.bottom
right = bounds.right
top = bounds.top