How to customize color scheme to mimic that in Origin?

It is basically a reversed Hue that's been clipped off. In the image to the left below you see all of the values of Hue next to one that I cut off by picking a value (0.3) that seemed right. That value could be calculated more rigorously by looking at the color peaks and the distances between them in the Origin bar legend.

Row[{
  BarLegend[{Hue[1 - #] &, {0, 1}}],
  BarLegend[{Hue[1 - #] &, {0.3, 1}}]
  }]

By request:

Altho I prefer the Hue[] formulation:

originColorFunction = Hue[2 (1 - #)/3] &;

one can also choose to implement this in terms of Blend[]:

originColorFunction2 = Blend[{Blue, Cyan, Green, Yellow, Red}, #] &;

To see why this works, recall that in the HSB system, the color cycle proceeds in the sequence Red, Yellow, Green, Cyan, Blue, Magenta, and finally back to Red, with linear interpolation of colors in between:

ColorConvert[Hue /@ (Range[0, 5]/6), RGBColor]
   {RGBColor[1., 0., 0.], RGBColor[1., 1., 0.], RGBColor[0., 1., 0.],
    RGBColor[0., 1., 1.], RGBColor[0., 0., 1.], RGBColor[1., 0., 1.]}

and since the Origin color function has Magenta dropped, as well as the colors being reversed, the simple linear interpolation with Blend[] will produce the exact same color sequence.