How to avoid accidentally implicitly referring to properties on the global object?

There are some things you need to consider before trying to answer this question.

For example, take the Object constructor. It is a "Standard built-in object".

window.status is part of the Window interface.

Obviously, you don't want status to refer to window.status, but do you want Object to refer to window.Object?

The solution to your problem of it not being able to be redefined is to use a IIFE, or a module, which should be what you are doing anyways.

(() => {
  var status = false;
  if (!status) {
    console.log('status is now false.');
  }
})();

And to prevent accidentally using global variables, I would just set up your linter to warn against it. Forcing it using a solution like with (fake_global) would not only have errors exclusively at run time, which might be not caught, but also be slower.

Specifically with ESLint, I can't seem to find a "good" solution. Enabling browser globals allows implicit reads.

I would suggest no-implicit-globals (As you shouldn't be polluting the global scope anyways, and it prevents the var status not defining anything problem), and also not enabling all browser globals, only, say, window, document, console, setInterval, etc., like you said in the comments.

Look at the ESLint environments to see which ones you would like to enable. By default, things like Object and Array are in the global scope, but things like those listed above and atob are not.

To see the exact list of globals, they are defined by this file in ESLint and the globals NPM package. I would would pick from (a combination of) "es6", "worker" or "shared-node-browser".

The eslintrc file would have:

{
    "rules": {
        "no-implicit-globals": "error"
    },
    "globals": {
        "window": "readonly",
        "document": "readonly"
    },
    "env": {
        "browser": false,
        "es6": [true/false],
        "worker": [true/false],
        "shared-node-browser": [true/false]
    }
}

If you're not in strict mode, one possibility is to iterate over the property names of the global (or withed) object, and create another object from those properties, whose setters and getters all throw ReferenceErrors, and then nest your code in another with over that object. See comments in the code below.

This isn't a nice solution, but it's the only one I can think of:

const makeObjWhosePropsThrow = inputObj => Object.getOwnPropertyNames(inputObj)
  .reduce((a, propName) => {
    const doThrow = () => { throw new ReferenceError(propName + ' is not defined!'); };
    Object.defineProperty(a, propName, { get: doThrow, set: doThrow });
    return a;
  }, {});

// (using setTimeout so that console shows both this and the next error)
setTimeout(() => {
  const windowWhichThrows = makeObjWhosePropsThrow(window);
  with (windowWhichThrows) {
    /* Use an IIFE
     * so that variables with the same name declared with "var" inside
     * create a locally scoped variable
     * rather than try to reference the property, which would throw
     */
    (() => { 
      // Declaring any variable name will not throw:
      var alert = true;  // window.alert
      const open = true; // window.open
      
      // Referencing a property name without declaring it first will throw:
      const foo = location;
    })();
  }
});

const obj = { prop1: 'prop1' };
with (obj) {
  const inner = makeObjWhosePropsThrow(obj);
  with (inner) {
    // Referencing a property name without declaring it first will throw:
    console.log(prop1);
  }
}

.as-console-wrapper {
  max-height: 100% !important;
}

Caveats:

• This explicitly uses with, which is forbidden in strict mode
• This doesn't exactly escape the implicit with(global) scope, or the with(obj) scope: variables in the outer scope with the same name as a property will not be referenceable.
• window has a property window, which refers to window. window.window === window. So, referencing window inside the with will throw. Either explicitly exclude the window property, or save another reference to window first.