How to adjust the alignment of placeholder text in input box?

Try this out

::-webkit-input-placeholder {
   text-align:center;
}

:-moz-placeholder { /* Firefox 18- */
   text-align:center;  
}

::-moz-placeholder {  /* Firefox 19+ */
   text-align:center;  
}

:-ms-input-placeholder {  
   text-align:center; 
}

If you're wanting a multi-line input field you should use the textarea element.

<li>
    <textarea placeholder="Message"></textarea>
</li>

You can then style this however you like using the textarea selector:

#message input,
#message textarea {
    width: 250px;
    height: 40px;
    padding: 10px;
}

#message li input[type=text],
#message li textarea {
    border-radius: 5px;
    -webkit-border-radius: 5px;
    -moz-border-radius: 5px;
    border: none;
}

#message li textarea {
    height: 150px;
    resize: none;
}

JSFiddle demo.

To style placeholder text, you'll need vendor prefix CSS properties.

::-webkit-input-placeholder {
   color: red;
}

:-moz-placeholder { /* Firefox 18- */
   color: red;  
}

::-moz-placeholder {  /* Firefox 19+ */
   color: red;  
}

:-ms-input-placeholder {  
   color: red;  
}

Read this document

Updated:

In your case you use input box instead of using text-area. So if you want to move your text on top use a text-area instead of using input.