How can I SSH into "Bash on Ubuntu on Windows 10"?

I got it to work; here's how.

Uninstalled ssh-server, reinstalled it and made sure it's started with

sudo service ssh --full-restart

Make sure you turned off root access and added another user in the config file.

I was able to connect to the subsystem on 127.0.0.1:22 as expected.  I hope this will help you.

1. sudo apt-get purge openssh-server
2. sudo apt-get install openssh-server
3. sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config and disallow root login by setting PermitRootLogin no

4. Then add a line beneath it that says:

   AllowUsers yourusername

   and make sure PasswordAuthentication is set to yes if you want to login using a password.

5. Disable privilege separation by adding/modifying : UsePrivilegeSeparation no

6. sudo service ssh --full-restart

7. Connect to your Linux subsystem from Windows using a ssh client like PuTTY.

The above answers came close, but I still had a Connection closed by 127.0.0.1 issue.

So starting over from scratch and supplying the --purge option when removing the sshd package (as I demonstrate below), solved my variation of this issue:

user$ sudo apt-get remove --purge openssh-server # First remove sshd with --purge option.
user$ sudo apt-get install openssh-server
user$ sudo vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config # **See note below.
user$ sudo service ssh --full-restart

# ** Change Port from 22 to 2222. (Just in case MS-Windows is using port 22).
#    Alternatively, you can disable MS-Windows' native SSH service if you 
#    wish to use port 22.

I hope this helps. \(◠﹏◠)/

Since windows implementation doesn't provide chroot you need to modify the /etc/ssh/sshd_config

UsePrivilegeSeparation no

Also you will need to create a user using useradd command or so.