How can I change the name of a partition?

You don't need to change the label, only the mountpoint. First, run sudo nano /etc/fstab and change this line:

/dev/disk/by-uuid/8C5442D35442C026 /mnt/8C5442D35442C026 auto nosuid,nodev,nofail,x-gvfs-show 0 0

To this:

/dev/disk/by-uuid/8C5442D35442C026 /mnt/myDisk auto nosuid,nodev,nofail,x-gvfs-show 0 0

Of course, you can change myDisk to whatever name you want. Then, create the directory:

sudo mkdir /mnt/myDisk

Next, either reboot or just unmount the partition and mount it again:

sudo umount /mnt/8C5442D35442C026
sudo mount /mnt/myDisk

Alternatively, you could always simply create a symlink pointing to the existing mountpoint:

ln -s /mnt/8C5442D35442C026 $HOME/myDisk

Now, you have the directory $HOME/myDisk and you can use that instead of /mnt/8C5442D35442C026.

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