How can I calculate the nearest positive semi-definite matrix?

I would submit a non-iterative approach. This is slightly modified from Rebonato and Jackel (1999) (page 7-9). Iterative approaches can take a long time to process on matrices of more than a few hundred variables.

import numpy as np

def nearPSD(A,epsilon=0):
   n = A.shape[0]
   eigval, eigvec = np.linalg.eig(A)
   val = np.matrix(np.maximum(eigval,epsilon))
   vec = np.matrix(eigvec)
   T = 1/(np.multiply(vec,vec) * val.T)
   T = np.matrix(np.sqrt(np.diag(np.array(T).reshape((n)) )))
   B = T * vec * np.diag(np.array(np.sqrt(val)).reshape((n)))
   out = B*B.T
   return(out)

Code is modified from a discussion of this topic here around nonPD/PSD matrices in R.

I don't think there is a library which returns the matrix you want, but here is a "just for fun" coding of neareast positive semi-definite matrix algorithm from Higham (2000)

import numpy as np,numpy.linalg

def _getAplus(A):
    eigval, eigvec = np.linalg.eig(A)
    Q = np.matrix(eigvec)
    xdiag = np.matrix(np.diag(np.maximum(eigval, 0)))
    return Q*xdiag*Q.T

def _getPs(A, W=None):
    W05 = np.matrix(W**.5)
    return  W05.I * _getAplus(W05 * A * W05) * W05.I

def _getPu(A, W=None):
    Aret = np.array(A.copy())
    Aret[W > 0] = np.array(W)[W > 0]
    return np.matrix(Aret)

def nearPD(A, nit=10):
    n = A.shape[0]
    W = np.identity(n) 
# W is the matrix used for the norm (assumed to be Identity matrix here)
# the algorithm should work for any diagonal W
    deltaS = 0
    Yk = A.copy()
    for k in range(nit):
        Rk = Yk - deltaS
        Xk = _getPs(Rk, W=W)
        deltaS = Xk - Rk
        Yk = _getPu(Xk, W=W)
    return Yk

When tested on the example from the paper, it returns the correct answer

print nearPD(np.matrix([[2,-1,0,0],[-1,2,-1,0],[0,-1,2,-1],[0,0,-1,2]]),nit=10)
[[ 1.         -0.80842467  0.19157533  0.10677227]
 [-0.80842467  1.         -0.65626745  0.19157533]
 [ 0.19157533 -0.65626745  1.         -0.80842467]
 [ 0.10677227  0.19157533 -0.80842467  1.        ]]