# Global conformal group in 2D Euclidean space

This is e.g. explained in Ref. 1:

1. The conformal compactifications of the $$1\!+\!1D$$ Minkowski (M) plane and the $$2\!+\!0D$$ Euclidean (E) plane are$$^1$$ $$\overline{\mathbb{R}^{1,1}}~\cong~\mathbb{S}^1\times \mathbb{S}^1 \tag{1M}$$ and $$\overline{\mathbb{R}^{2,0}}~\cong~\mathbb{S}^2, \tag{1E}$$ respectively.

2. The (global) conformal groups are $${\rm Conf}(1,1)~\cong~O(2,2;\mathbb{R})/\{\pm {\bf 1}_{4\times 4}\}\tag{2M}$$ and $${\rm Conf}(2,0)~\cong~O(3,1;\mathbb{R})/\{\pm {\bf 1}_{4\times 4}\}, \tag{2E}$$ with 4 and 2 connected components, respectively.

3. The corresponding connected components connected to the identity are \begin{align}{\rm Conf}_0(1,1)~\cong~&SO^+(2,2;\mathbb{R})/\{\pm {\bf 1}_{4\times 4}\}\cr ~\cong~& PSL(2,\mathbb{R})\times PSL(2,\mathbb{R}) \end{align}\tag{3M} and \begin{align} {\rm Conf}_0(2,0)~\cong~&SO^+(3,1;\mathbb{R})\cr ~\cong~& PSL(2,\mathbb{C}), \end{align}\tag{3E} respectively. Here $$PSL(2,\mathbb{F})\equiv SL(2,\mathbb{F})/\{\pm {\bf 1}_{2\times 2}\}$$. See also this related Phys.SE post.

References:

1. M. Schottenloher, Math Intro to CFT, Lecture Notes in Physics 759, 2008; Subsections 1.4.2-3, Sections 2.3-5, 5.1-2.

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$$^1$$ In more detail the conformal compactification of the $$1\!+\!1D$$ Minkowski plane is \begin{align}&\overline{\mathbb{R}^{1,1}}\cr &\cong(\mathbb{S}^1\times \mathbb{S}^1)/\mathbb{Z}_2 \cr &\cong\left\{(x^0,x^1)\in\mathbb{R}^2 \mid (x^0,x^1)\sim(x^0\!+\!2,x^1)\sim(x^0,x^1\!+\!2)\sim(x^0\!+\!1,x^1\!+\!1)\right\}\cr &\stackrel{x^{\pm}=\frac{1}{2}(x^0\pm x^1)}{\cong}\left\{(x^+,x^-)\in\mathbb{R}^2 \mid (x^+,x^-)\sim(x^+\!+\!1,x^-)\sim(x^+,x^-\!+\!1)\right\}\cr &\cong\mathbb{S}^1\times \mathbb{S}^1 ,\end{align}\tag{4M} with Minkowski metric \begin{align}\mathbb{g}~~~~~=~~~~~&\mathrm{d}x^0\odot\mathrm{d}x^0-\mathrm{d}x^1\odot\mathrm{d}x^1 \cr~\stackrel{x^{\pm}=\frac{1}{2}(x^0\pm x^1)}{=}&~4\mathrm{d}x^+\odot\mathrm{d}x^- \end{align}.\tag{5M}