Getting data type of each column from PostGIS table?

The theory yes, though you could find it very complex indeed.

• Every table (select * from pg_class) has columns.
• Every column (select * from pg_attribute) optionally has a "typmod" number.
• For types with typmod (select * from pg_type) there will be a "typmodout" function.
• Running the typmod out function on a typmod number will return a string that can be concatenated with the type name to form the kind of user-readable signature you're used to (select 'numeric' || numerictypmodout(786441)) (select geography_typmod_out(1107460))

But, hey, psql generates the strings you want, if we look at what SQL it generates, maybe the answer is in there.

Sure enough, there is a magic function that takes a typeid and typmod and returns the magic string.

select a.attname, format_type(a.atttypid, a.atttypmod) from pg_attribute a where attname = 'geog';

With a join to pg_class you should be able to get this info per-table.

With Paul Ramsey help I made it this way:

SELECT a.attname as column_name, format_type(a.atttypid, a.atttypmod) AS data_type
FROM pg_attribute a
JOIN pg_class b ON (a.attrelid = b.relfilenode)
WHERE b.relname = 'my_table_name' and a.attstattarget = -1;

UPDATE

Meanwhile I have created a function to ask for a certain column data type

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION "vsr_get_data_type"(_t regclass, _c text)
  RETURNS text AS
$body$
DECLARE
    _schema text;
    _table text;
    data_type text;
BEGIN
-- Prepare names to use in index and trigger names
IF _t::text LIKE '%.%' THEN
    _schema := regexp_replace (split_part(_t::text, '.', 1),'"','','g');
    _table := regexp_replace (split_part(_t::text, '.', 2),'"','','g');
    ELSE
        _schema := 'public';
        _table := regexp_replace(_t::text,'"','','g');
    END IF;

    data_type := 
    (
        SELECT format_type(a.atttypid, a.atttypmod)
        FROM pg_attribute a 
        JOIN pg_class b ON (a.attrelid = b.oid)
        JOIN pg_namespace c ON (c.oid = b.relnamespace)
        WHERE
            b.relname = _table AND
            c.nspname = _schema AND
            a.attname = _c
     );

    RETURN data_type;
END
$body$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;

The usage is:

SELECT vsr_get_data_type('schema_name.table_name','column_name')

It can be get using a simple SQL query.

SELECT * from information_schema.columns where table_name='mytablename'