Find increasing triplets such that sum is less than or equals to k
First of all, it is worth pointing out, that the worst case complexity cannot be better than O(n^3), because in the worst case there are O(n^3) triplets, and obviously you need at least constant time per triplet, to store/print it. And there's a very simple and obvious O(n^3) algorithm.
That being said, here's how you can do it with a complexity O(n^2 log n + k), where k is the size of the answer. (While @saadtaame claims to have the same complexity, he has an issue in his estimate, see comments below his answer).
First of all, let's fix one element, say a[i]. Now let's create a new array b consisting of all the elements from a, that both have index greater than i and a value greater than a[i]. Now the problem reduces to finding two indexes j and k in b, such that j < k and b[j] < b[k].
To do that, we can use some kind of a sorted set, like a TreeSet in Java. We will iterate over all possible values of k, maintaining all the elements with indexes less than k in the TreeSet. Since the TreeSet contains only the elements with indexes less than k (because of the way we build it), and greater than i (because b only contained such elements), and is sorted, then every element q in that TreeSet that has a value smaller than b[k] forms an answer triple (a[i], q, b[k]). Here's a pseudocode:
for i from 0 to size(a):
b = empty array
for j from i + 1 to size(a):
if a[j] > a[i]:
add a[j] to b
treeSet = new TreeSet
for k from 0 to size(b):
for each element 'e' in the treeSet in sorted order: // (1)
if e >= b[k] or a[i] + e + b[k] > t:
break
add (a[i], e, b[k]) to the answer // (2)
add b[k] to the treeSet // (3)
Here if number of elements we return is less than O(n^2 log n), then the complexity of the algorithm will be O(n^2 log n). The reason is that the line (2) is executed precisely k times, and therefore can be ignored (and iterating over a treeSet has amortized linear time in number of elements), while the rest of the inner loop: initializing the iterator at (1) and adding an element to the treeSet at (3) are both at most O(log n) operations.
EDIT: here's a small example. Let's say the array is a = [5, 3, 7, 9, 8, 1] and t = 20. Then i first points at 5, we put all the elements that are to the right from 5 and bigger to b, so b = [7, 9, 8]. Then k will do three iterations:
b[k] = 7. At this time the treeSet is empty, so nothing happens, and7gets added to the treeSet.b[k] = 9. At this time the treeSet has element 7. It is smaller than 9, but the sum5 + 7 + 9 > 20, so we break from the iteration over the treeSet. We put9to the treeSet, to the set now contains(7, 9)b[k] = 8. We iterate over the treeSet. For element 7 both conditions are satisfied (7 < 8 and 5 + 7 + 8 <= 20), so(5, 7, 8)is added to the answer. For element 9 the element is bigger thanb[k], so we break.
Then the loop over k is over.
Then we move i one element to the right. Content of b will be exactly the same, and the three steps above will be almost the same, except that during the second step the answer will be small enough, so we will yield (3, 7, 9) and (3, 7, 8).
Then as we move to the next i, when a[i] = 7, array b will only contain two elements, [9, 8], and no answer will be produced.
I would recommend coding it in Java with some debug output, and playing with it for a bit to understand it better.
I think it can be solved in O(n^2logn) time, using TreeMap or Sorted Map concept. I have tried to implement the same in Java, but the concept remains the same.
import java.util.*;
public class Main
{
public static void main(String[] args) {
int arr[]={1,2,3,3,4,4,9,10,11,342,43};
int n=arr.length,t=98,cnt=0;
Arrays.sort(arr);
for(int k=2;k<n;k++)
{
TreeMap<Integer,Integer> ts1=new TreeMap<>();
for(int j=0;j<k;j++)
{
if(arr[j]==arr[k])
break;
int i=Math.min(t-arr[k]-arr[j],arr[j]); //try to get the number of elements less than arr[j] and target-arr[k]-arr[j]
cnt+=(ts1.lowerKey(i)==null?0:ts1.get(ts1.lowerKey(i)));
if(ts1.containsKey(arr[j]))
ts1.put(arr[j],ts1.get(arr[j])+1);
else
{
Integer val=ts1.lowerKey(arr[j]);
ts1.put(arr[j],1+(val==null?0:ts1.get(val)));
}
}
}
System.out.println(cnt);
}
}
Let me know if it works for you.
Find increasing triplets such that sum is less than or equals to k:
# include <stdio.h>
void find3Numbers(int A[], int arr_size, int sum)
{
int l, r;
for (int i = 0; i < arr_size-2; i++){
for (int j = i+1; j < arr_size-1; j++){
for (int k = j+1; k < arr_size; k++){
if (A[i] + A[j] + A[k] <= sum)
printf("Triplet is %d, %d, %d\n", A[i], A[j], A[k]);
}
}
}
}
int main()
{
int A[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6};
int sum = 8;
int arr_size = sizeof(A)/sizeof(A[0]);
find3Numbers(A, arr_size, sum);
return 0;
}
Output :
Execution :
arr_size = 5
Step:1 i=0 and i<3 (arr_size-2)
j=1 and j<4 (arr_size-1)
k=2 and k<5 (arr_size)
A[0]+A[1]+A[2]<=sum --> 1+2+3 <=8 --> 6<=8 ( true )
k=3 and k<5
A[0]+A[1]+A[3]<=sum --> 1+2+4 <=8 --> 7<=8 ( true )
k=4 and k<5
A[0]+A[1]+A[4]<=sum --> 1+2+6 <=8 --> 9<=8 ( false )
j=2 and j<4
k=3 and k<5
A[0]+A[2]+A[3]<=sum --> 1+3+4 <=8 --> 8<=8 ( true )
k=4 and k<5
A[0]+A[2]+A[4]<=sum --> 1+3+6 <=8 --> 10<=8 ( false )
j=3 and j<4
k=4 and k<5
A[0]+A[3]+A[4]<=sum --> 1+4+6 <=8 --> 11<=8 ( false )
j=4 and j<4 (false)
Step:2 i=1 and i<3
j=2 and j<4
k=3 and k<5
A[1]+A[2]+A[3]<=sum --> 2+3+4 <=8 --> 9<=8 ( false )
k=4 and k<5
A[1]+A[2]+A[4]<=sum --> 2+3+6 <=8 --> 11<=8 ( false )
j=3 and j<4
k=4 and k<5
A[1]+A[3]+A[4]<=sum --> 2+4+6 <=8 --> 12<=8 ( false )
j=4 and j<4 (false)
Step:3 i=2 and i<3
j=3 and j<4
k=4 and k<5
A[2]+A[3]+A[4]<=sum --> 3+4+6 <=8 --> 13<=8 ( false )
j=4 and j<4 (false)
Step:4 i=3 and i<3 (false)