Filling data frame with previous row value

Inspired by the solution of @Ananda Mahto, this is an adaption of the internal code of na.locf that works directly with 0's instead of NAs. Then you don't need the zoo package and you don't need to do the preprocessing of changing the values to NA. Benchmarktests show that this is about 10 times faster than the original version.

locf.0 <- function(x) {
  L <- x!=0
  idx <- c(0, which(L))[cumsum(L) + 1]
  return(x[idx])
} 
mydf$state <- locf.0(mydf$temp)

Perhaps you can make use of na.locf from the "zoo" package after setting values of "0" to NA. Assuming your data.frame is called "mydf":

mydf$state <- mydf$temp
mydf$state[mydf$state == 0] <- NA

library(zoo)
mydf$state <- na.locf(mydf$state)
#      random temp state
# 1 0.5024234  1.0   1.0
# 2 0.6875941  0.0   1.0
# 3 0.7418837  0.0   1.0
# 4 0.4453640  0.0   1.0
# 5 0.5062614  0.5   0.5
# 6 0.5163650  0.0   0.5

---

If there were NA values in your original data.frame in the "temp" column, and you wanted to keep them as NA in the newly generated "state" column too, that's easy to take care of. Just add one more line to reintroduce the NA values:

mydf$state[is.na(mydf$temp)] <- NA