Drupal - Exporting Taxonomies to code

Also might want to take a look at Taxonomy CSV import/export or Taxonomy import/export via XML

You might also want to look at http://drupal.org/project/uuid and http://drupal.org/project/uuid_features, which can be used together to export Nodes, Node Revisions, Users and Taxonomy to a Feature.

I haven't done Taxonomy with UUID personally, but it does work quite well with Nodes.

The Feeds module allows the creation of Taxonomy terms from various sources (CSV, XML, etc). That may help.